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The Guardian - UK
National
Caroline Davies (now); Rachel Hall and Geneva Abdul (earlier)

Extreme UK weather: flights halted as runways melt and temperatures exceed 38C in parts of England – as it happened

United Kingdom
Dry bank of a tributary to the Dowry reservoir close to Oldham, as the heatwave in the UK continues.
Dry bank of a tributary to the Dowry reservoir close to Oldham, as the heatwave in the UK continues. Photograph: Danny Lawson/PA

Evening summary

The UK is in the grip of a heatwave that caused flights to be halted and pushed temperatures above 38C in some parts of the country.

Here is the latest roundup of what’s happened today:

That’s it from us for today. Thanks for following and stay safe. Here is our latest report on the travel chaos sparked by the high temperatures on Monday:

Updated

Mercury hits 38.1C in Suffolk, making it hottest day of the year

According to PA news agency, the mercury had hit 38.1C in Santon Downham, Suffolk, by 4pm, making it the hottest day of the year.

Updated

Why is the UK so unprepared for extreme heat and what can be done? Our environment editor Damian Carrington reports here:

RAF Brize Norton runway melts, halting flights

Flying activity was also halted at RAF Brize Norton, with Sky News reporting that part of the runway had melted.

An RAF spokesman said: “During this period of extreme temperature, flight safety remains our top priority, so aircraft are using alternative airfields in line with a long established plan.

“This means there is no impact on RAF operations.”

Updated

People are being warned not to exercise over the coming days, as record temperatures are forecast to create deadly conditions.

A lot of heat is produced by the body during exercise and this combined with the temperatures could see even the fittest people suffering from heat exhaustion, experts told the PA news agency.

Dr Eunice Lo, a climate scientist at the University of Bristol Cabot Institute for the Environment, said:

Everyone is at risk and we do need to be aware and take precautions and definitely not view these as normal summer days or something to go out and have fun in.

Mike Tipton, professor of human and applied physiology, University of Portsmouth, said a person can go from emitting as much heat as a 90 watts lightbulb when at rest, to emitting as much heat as a two kilowatt fire when exercising.

He added:

We produce a lot of heat when we exercise. And we’re now at a temperature where ... actually people will warm up, just doing their day-to-day activities in the house, or outside, and cooking, that sort of thing.

And so fitter people undoubtedly do better in the heat, but we still see fit people who suffer from heat exhaustion in particular

So the recommendation would be just for the next couple of days, when we’re now in unprecedented temperatures, is just to stop exercising.”

Updated

Luton airport shut as part of runway reportedly melts

Luton airport has been temporarily shut to flights following a runway defect – believed to be due to the record temperatures. Flights that took off earlier today destined for Luton have been diverted to alternative airports such as Stansted. Passengers on an EasyJet flight from Catania in Sicily were told by the captain that they were unable to land at Luton because parts of the runway had effectively melted.

Updated

This from BBC North West Tonight presenter Roger Johnson.

On the railways, services between Manchester Piccadilly and Sheffield have been suspended until further notice due to the extreme heat.

Updated

Downing Street said the NHS is “coping well” with the extreme heat.

Asked for an update on the heatwave, the prime minister’s official spokesman said:

They had the Cobra meeting today where they received updates from relevant public sector teams across things like health, transport and schools.

We haven’t as yet seen significant impacts affecting those areas. There’s no indication of mass closures of schools, for example, the NHS is coping well, and obviously there are additional mitigations in place, and Network Rail and others have already taken some mitigations with some reduced service and speed limits in place.

On fatalities, he said there were “none that have been reported to us centrally at this point”, but that is not to say there have not been any.

It would seem from this comment that the Downing Street spokesperson is not including the four water-related deaths we have reported on earlier in this blog.

Updated

Significant pressures on ambulance services in England are being compounded by the extreme heat, according to the health secretary.

Steve Barclay said contingency measures have been put in place in the health system, before telling MPs in the Commons:

Even before this heatwave, ambulance services in England have been under significant pressure from increased demand, just as they have across the United Kingdom.

The additional pressure on our healthcare system from Covid-19, especially on accident and emergency services, has increased the workload of ambulance trusts, increased the average length of hospital stays and contributed to a record number of calls.

Taken together this has caused significant pressures which are now being compounded by this extreme heat.

Updated

Ireland has recorded its hottest temperature in more than a century as parts of Dublin reached 33C, according to Met Eireann.

A status yellow high temperature warning remains in place across the country as it faces another day of high heat.

Data from Met Eireann shows that temperatures soared to 33C at Phoenix Park in the capital on Monday, making it provisionally the hottest day ever recorded in July.

It also breaks the high temperature record for the 21st and 20th century.

It said:

Phoenix Park has broken the highest 21st temperature record with 33C which is Ireland’s highest of 2022 so far and 12.8C above normal.

This is only 0.3C below the all-time 135-year-old record set at Kilkenny Castle in 1887. Temperatures may still rise further.

Updated

Hawarden in Flintshire reaches 37.1C, new highest air temperature record for Wales

Hawarden in Flintshire has provisionally reached 37.1°C, according to the Met Office – a new highest air temperature ever recorded in Wales.

Updated

Visits to the heat exhaustion section of the NHS website have increased by 525% in the past week. Figures released by NHS Digital show that there were 185,184 visits to the health advice page on heat exhaustion and heatstroke last week (9-15 July) compared with 29,608 in the previous week (2-8 July).

There was also another surge in visits last weekend (16-17 July) with 86,914 visits in 48 hours – an average of one visit every two seconds.

Shaun Hasney, NHS Digital’s head of digital analytics for the NHS website, said:

We’ve seen a huge increase in visits to the heat exhaustion page over the past week, reaching a peak of over 55,000 visits on Sunday.

The section was also the second most visited page on the NHS website on Sunday, behind the page on coronavirus self-isolation advice.

So far in July, we’ve had over 300,000 visits to the heat exhaustion and heatstroke page on the website.

Updated

Barclay also said it was a decision for headteachers whether to open schools but he highlighted the need for the children of key workers especially to be in class.

Following a meeting of the Cobra emergency committee, he told reporters:

It’s important we get the balance right with schools, that some stay open for key workers, not least in the NHS. So it’s important that schools do continue to be open.

But at the same time headteachers are empowered to make local decisions as fits the needs of their local school.

Updated

Health secretary Steve Barclay has insisted Boris Johnson was “engaged” in the situation despite not attending Cobra meetings dealing with the heatwave.

Barclay told reporters he had spoken to the prime minister on Saturday to update him on the measures being taken on ambulances, PA Media reports.

“The prime minister is engaged with this,” he said, but it was “quite normal” for Cobra meetings to be led by the chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Kit Malthouse.

Updated

The day so far

It’s been a record-breaking day in Wales already as the UK grappled with the start of a 48-hour heatwave of unprecedented ferocity.

Here are all the main events that have happened so far:

I’m handing over to my colleague Caroline Davies for the rest of the afternoon, and will be back keeping you updated tomorrow morning. If you have any information about things happening in your local area on Tuesday, please do share them at rachel.hall@theguardian.com.

Thanks for following and stay cool!

Met Office says latest temperature high is 37.5C in Suffolk

The Met Office has published the latest temperatures at 3pm, which have climbed to 37.5C in Cavendish, Suffolk.

Updated

Responding to Green MP Caroline Lucas’s question about government policy decisions to help prevent and mitigate future heatwaves, Cabinet Minister Kit Malthouse said:

Our immediate concern is to get the country through the next 36 hours in as good a shape as possible.

He added that local resilience forums were meeting today to decide next steps, and that there were “simple behavioural things we can all do to protect ourselves and most vulnerable”.

On the topic of the prime minister’s absence at the Cobra emergency meeting, Malthouse reiterated earlier comments that it is “literally my job” to chair the meeting and “to brief the prime minister accordingly”, which he did yesterday at 8am. He added he was confident that schools, hospitals and police forces had received appropriate guidance and support and that the public health messaging had “landed so well’.

He added that in wider terms, the heatwave hasn’t just impacted UK it’s hit whole of continental Europe, and that the UK was working to improve its clean energy mix.

Updated

Caroline Lucas, responded that it was “disappointing” that cabinet minister Kit Malthouse didn’t offer his own statement instead of “waiting to be dragged” into producing one through her urgent question.

She warned:

These brutal temperatures pose a very real threat to life and infrastructure, to education, travel and most importantly to health.

There are real questions about how seriously the government is taking it and how prepared they are. They seem to be turning up with a watering can when what we need is giant fire hose.

Updated

Caroline Lucas has asked her urgent question asking for the cabinet minister to make a statement on the government’s preparedness for extreme heat.

Kit Malthouse responded by agreeing that temperatures look “ probable they will beat current UK record” of 38.7C recorded in 2019, with temperatures currently standing at 37.5C in Suffolk.

He said he had just come from chairing the latest in a series of Cobra briefings held since last week and over the weekend to coordinate “extensive” preparation and mitigation, and gave thanks to devolved administrations and local authority partners for their work locally.

He said the government launched a “strong public communciations campaign ahead of the heatwave” involving UK Health and Security Agency and the Met Office.

He said:

We hope people will take notice of the advice on how to keep safe in high temperatures, but the NHS has made sure all its operational capacity and capability are available during the heatwave.

He added that there are now 2,400 call handlers for 999, an increase of some 500 since September last year.

He added:

Heatwaves are not a new phenom but we’re adapting to temperatures previously not experienced in this country, and events such as this are coming with increased frequency and severity. The government has been on the lead in appreciating the impacts of climate change.

He said that it was a Conserative government which had enshrined Net Zero in law and that ministers shared the goal of keeping temperature rises to 1.5C agreed at the Cop25 conference.

He said the UK had “driven down emissions faster than any other G7 country” over the past decade and claimed that it it was “forging ahead of other countries” on cleaner energy, with 40% of power now coming from renewables.

He said:

We must continue to drive fwd the initiatives that help curb the impact of climate change but at the same time build systems that help us withstand extreme events as they arise.

Updated

There have now been four water-related deaths since high temperatures began, prompting calls for people to stay away from dangerous bodies of water.

The four deaths include a 13-year-old at Ovingham, Northumberland, a 16-year-old boy in Salford Quays, Greater Manchester, a 16-year-old boy in Bray Lake near Maidenhead, Berkshire, and a 50-year-old man in a reservoir near Leeds.

Police in Leeds urged people to stay away from dangerous bodies of water after the death at Ardsley Reservoir.

Officers were called to a report that a man had got into difficulty in the water at 5.30pm on Saturday and the body of the 50-year-old was found on Sunday.

DI Phil Hughes, of Leeds CID, said:

This is a tragic incident in which a man has lost his life. Specially trained officers are supporting his family at this difficult time.

This incident serves as a timely reminder about the dangers of swimming in open water.

The weather is due to get hotter this week. I would urge people to not enter or swim in reservoirs or open waters.

Updated

The Guardian reporter Jedidajah Otte has been speaking to parents and teachers across the UK about school closures this week due to the heatwave:

Jade, 31, a year one teacher at a London primary, said her school had closed on Monday for nursery, reception and year one, had closed at lunchtime for all other classes and would do the same on Tuesday, but would stay open for children of key workers and vulnerable families.

She said:

We have advised parents above year one that they should not bring their children in. In my class, seven out of 30 children turned up today.

I think it’s the right decision: our school building is Victorian, built in 1876, which is ill-equipped to deal with extreme weather.

Our headteacher measured the classroom temperatures on Friday and it was higher than the official Met reading, which shows that our building retains heat.

The children have been wilting the past week and I don’t think we can safely have all of them in school.

A father from Corby, Northamptonshire, told the Guardian his child’s secondary school was staying open despite the blistering heat.

He said:

Children still have to come in and in their normal uniform, except blazer and tie, but boys must wear trousers and have shirts tucked in. Parents have aired their concerns and asked for children to at least be able to wear their PE kit, which has their school logo on, but this has been rejected.

The father, who wanted to remain anonymous, said he feared such inflexibility and focus on discipline in such extreme conditions would affect children’s physical and mental health.

These schools now feel like military camps, with all the pressure that’s put on them to do well and obey the rules, even in this heat.

Jo Stanley, 44, a mother of two from Nottingham, said it was unfair to expect teachers to monitor and ensure children were safe and well throughout the school day in these temperatures.

I don’t think children should go to school when it’s this hot.

It’s not fair on the teachers to have to be responsible for so many children who could be getting too hot, that they’re drinking enough, putting enough sunscreen on.

She suggested that the UK should adapt the school day in the summer months to measures taken by governments in hotter parts of the world. The school of her children, aged seven and 10, had stayed open, she said, but she decided to keep them home after she had to abort the school run because she began feeling unwell and feared she would feel worse at pick-up time.

They say you shouldn’t even walk a dog in such heat because they can die. Children aren’t much different and it’s dangerous. Countries that have hot climates often have shorter school days and usually break up between June and September.

Another mother disagreed and felt schools should stay open, and criticised her child’s school for having told parents only on Monday morning that they would have to collect their children at noon, thus forcing pupils and their parents to walk through midday heat instead of keeping cool inside.

School closures, she said, could perhaps be easily accommodated by home-working or stay-at-home parents, but much less so by others, adding she felt frustrated by her school’s apparent assumption that parents had the time to look after their children during normal school hours.

Updated

Office workers stay at home to avoid transport disruption

Millions more people are working from home to avoid severe disruption to transport networks caused by soaring temperatures.

PA reports:

Road traffic and public transport usage dropped on Monday after people were urged to avoid unnecessary travel.

Network Rail said the number of passengers using major stations across Britain on Monday was around 20% down on a week ago.

Location technology firm TomTom said road congestion at 9am was lower in most UK cities than at the same time last week.

In London, congestion levels fell from 53% on July 11 to 42% on Monday.

In Birmingham they were down from 46% to 43%, in Manchester they decreased from 45% to 37%, and in Glasgow they dropped from 17% to 12%.

The figures reflect the proportion of additional time required for journeys compared with free-flow conditions.

The figures suggest that many office workers are resisting the lure of air conditioning as temperatures soar into the high 30s.

Some office air conditioning systems are struggling to operate due to intense temperatures. At the Guardian’s headquarters in Kings Cross, the landlord shut down the air conditioning because it cannot operate in the heat, with further shutdowns anticipated tomorrow.

Unions and the Confederation of Business and Industry are asking employers to relax dress codes to allow them to be more comfortable.

While there is a minimum legal working temperature, there is no maximum. The Health and Safety Executive tells employers that a “reasonable” temperature must be maintained to ensure workers’ “thermal comfort”.

The Trades Union Congress has called for a “new absolute maximum indoor temperature” of 30C, or 27C for those doing strenuous jobs – a level that may be breached in many workplaces on Monday and Tuesday.

Updated

A 16-year-old boy has died after getting into difficulty in Bray Lake, near Maidenhead, Berkshire.

PA reports:

Thames Valley police said officers were called at 11.45am on Monday and a body was located at just after 1.30pm, when he was pronounced deceased at the scene.

Supt Michael Greenwood, the LPA commander for Windsor and Maidenhead, said:

This is an absolute tragedy in which a young boy has died after getting into difficulty in the water of Bray Lake.

The boy’s next of kin have been notified and are being offered support at this extremely difficult and traumatic time.

My thoughts, and the thoughts of all of us at Thames Valley Police are with the boy’s family and his friends, and we would ask that their privacy is respected.

Updated

Ahead of an urgent question in the Commons tabled by Caroline Lucas, on the national heat emergency, the Green MP has shared this statement:

The government is turning up at this national extreme heat emergency with a watering can, when we need a giant fire hose.

We are seeing a total absence of leadership. The Prime Minister refuses to chair the Cobra meeting taking place today, and is instead filling his time with lavish parties at Chequers and juvenile photo-ops on an RAF fighter jet. Tory Ministers and MPs are branding Britons as “cowards” and “snowflakes” for taking precautions during the country’s first ever national heat emergency.

And as a result, the government’s utter lack of preparedness for this crisis has been laid bare. Where are the guidelines for schools? For the NHS? For employers?

The climate emergency is right here, right now, and it’s not going away any time soon – so we’re going to need to adapt. Yet the government has repeatedly failed to do so. Last year, the climate change committee warned found that only 5 of 34 sectors assessed by the committee had shown progress in the past two years. The adaptation committee chair, Baroness Brown of Cambridge, said that adaptation had been left “under-resourced, underfunded and often ignored”.

But we also have to address the cause and not just the symptoms. If we’re going to keep global temperatures in check, we can’t green-light new polluting oil & gas projects in the North Sea, and a climate-busting coal mine in Cumbria.

As the nation battles with extreme heat, putting lives and livelihoods at risk, our government is pouring yet more fuel on the flames, and walking away from the wreckage.

Updated

Surgeries cancelled because operating theatres are too hot

The extreme temperatures are forcing some hospitals in England to cancel surgery because operating theatres are too hot.

Miriam Deakin, the interim deputy chief executive of hospitals group NHS Providers, said:

The NHS estate is not built to cope with extreme weather. Over the past 48 hours we’ve heard that some trusts are having to scale back the number of planned surgeries as operating theatres are too hot.

She did not disclose how many or which trusts are experiencing that problem.

She added:

We’ve also heard that IT server rooms need additional cooling in buildings where the air conditioning is overstretched. Some trusts are working on contingency plans to reduce the amount of printing they do to lessen the strain on IT systems.

The heatwave represents “a real challenge” for NHS trusts, she said, especially with so much Covid infection around again just now.

Hospitals are using creative ways of helping staff cope with the heat, she said:

For example, in many trusts, staff are wearing cooler scrubs rather than formal uniforms. Trusts have bought up bottled water to give out to patients and staff, have ice cream vans onsite and hospital kitchens making ice lollies for their colleagues and patients.

Trusts are also mounting fans and installing industrial cooling units where possible, and considering the impact of the heatwave in their discharge assessment of patients.

Updated

The Green party has accused the government of failing to act on the climate crisis, which has contributed to a dangerous heatwave.

The Green party co-leader Adrian Ramsay said:

This Conservative’s government inaction in the face of the climate emergency is costing lives both here in the UK and abroad.

For too long successive governments have had their head in the sand when it comes to the climate crisis. Boris Johnson may have talked up climate action before COP26, but over 12 years of this government the pace of change has been far too slow.

While the UK government announced carbon emissions reduction targets by 2035, it has since actually incentivised more oil and gas production in the North Sea and the climate change committee has said its current policies will not achieve net zero.

Not only have they done nowhere enough to bring down the carbon emissions that are causing this extreme weather but now, when confronted with potentially deadly heat, they offer next to nothing to support people through it. Meanwhile, Boris Johnson couldn’t even be bothered to turn up to a Cobra meeting on the situation.

We need politicians that recognise the impact the climate emergency is having on all of us, right here right now, and aren’t afraid of taking the decisions that will help us mitigate against the devastating consequences of this crisis.

The Conservatives should be focused on supporting vulnerable people through the heatwave while taking urgent action to reduce the impact of future extreme weather. They are showing an extreme dereliction of duty, and that is why we need a general election.

Updated

Wales records hottest day on record

Wales has provisionally recorded its hottest day on record, with the temperature reaching 35.3C in Gogerddan, near Aberystwyth, the Met Office said.

This exceeds the previous record high of 35.2C, recorded at Hawarden Bridge, Flintshire on 2 August 1990.

Updated

The Guardian’s health editor, Andrew Gregory, has a report on what heatwaves mean for the NHS:

British summer risks becoming even more difficult for the NHS to navigate than winter, the head of the NHS Confederation has warned.

Hospitals and ambulance trusts across the country are braced for a surge in demand for NHS services as a result of the heatwave this week, with some hospitals already cancelling outpatient appointments to prioritise urgent care.

Matthew Taylor, the chief executive of the NHS Confederation, which represents the whole healthcare system in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, said the health service will be “stretched to the maximum” over the next few days.

And he warned the combination of “outdated” health premises across the UK and “increasingly common” record temperatures sparking increased demand for care may see summer prove tricker for the NHS to cope with than winter.

He said:

The likelihood is that with climate change, these temperatures could become increasingly common and even an annual occurrence.

Without targeted support and adequate government long-term investment, the British summer risks becoming even more difficult for the NHS to navigate than winter.

Hospitals, GP surgeries and other NHS settings are doing all they can to stay open and continue seeing as many patients as possible despite the extreme temperature conditions. Despite this there is a risk that the heatwave will have a knock-on effect on the care that can be provided.

Some hospital and GP services may have to change where, when and how they deliver certain appointments where they have outdated premises that cannot be adapted appropriately for patients in this extreme weather, and this will include buying portable air conditioning units and fans for unsuitable premises.

Taylor issued a grave warning over the threat to the NHS this week:

The next few days will stretch the health service to the maximum.

Our buildings and estate are ill equipped to deal with these kinds of temperatures and a lack of capital investment in the NHS over the last ten years means we have very little resilience left to deal with crisis situations like this.

Sadly, despite the NHS’s best efforts the fact that the mercury is rising so dramatically will have an impact on care. Ambulances are getting even more callouts and some hospitals are having to pause outpatient appointments to prioritise urgent care.

NHS leaders are urging their communities to follow the latest public health advice and do all they can to stay safe, including avoiding being out in the sun during the day, drinking plenty of water, wearing a hat and sun cream and checking on vulnerable family, friends and neighbours.

Updated

Richard Allan, a professor of climate science at the University of Reading, has some analysis on why summer heatwaves happen in the UK.

He said:

Summer heatwaves in the UK are usually caused by an extended period of dry, sunny conditions, usually associated with high pressure that snuffs out cloud formation. Because there is little soil moisture, the sun’s energy heats the ground and the air above rather than being used up evaporating water.

These conditions can be intensified by hot, arid winds blowing from continental Europe where heat and drought have been building over the summer and this will affect the UK early next week as a weather system to the west of Spain pushes this hot air northwards. Higher temperatures and drier soils due to human caused climate change are turning strong heatwaves into extreme or even unprecedented heatwaves.

Human caused climate change is intensifying heatwaves, droughts and flooding events. Heating from greenhouse gas emissions make the atmosphere warmer and more thirsty for water which can parch and scorch one region and deluge the larger amounts of moisture in storms elsewhere.

Updated

The extreme heat has resulted in “unprecedented peak demand” for water in recent days, Water UK said.

The industry body, which has members across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, said the “most intense demand” was across the south of England but that “pretty much all companies are seeing elevated demand at the moment”.

A Water UK spokesperson said:

Water companies are seeing unprecedented peak demand for water during this extreme hot weather event.

We are urging everyone to carefully consider the amount of water they are using at this time.

All water companies have been contacting their customers directly with information and advice to help them reduce their water usage.

Updated

Transport for London (TfL) said about 1.06 million entries and exits were made by London Underground passengers on Monday before 10am, a fall of 18% compared with the same period last week.

1.07 million bus journeys were made up to 10am, a 10% decrease week on week.

TfL said:

Ridership on Monday is typically lower than other days of the week on public transport and is therefore likely to be a good indication of where people are working from home.

Typically, TfL also sees a small reduction in ridership at this time of year as schools enter their last week of term and people begin to go on holiday.

However, the recent high temperatures have led to more of a reduction than would have been expected before our travel advice was issued to only make essential journeys during this extreme hot weather.

Updated

Nights are getting hotter at a faster rate than days, making it harder for people to sleep in summer, writes Stephen Burt, a visiting fellow in meteorology at the University of Reading, in the Conversation.

He writes:

Weather stations usually record the day’s minimum temperature at or a little after dawn. At a few sites in the UK, records extend back 150 years or more. Allowing for minor changes in instruments and methods over the years, scientists have found that night-time temperatures have risen considerably since Victorian times. In most of the records examined, night-time temperatures are actually rising at a faster rate than daytime temperatures. Why is this?

Recent milder winters in the UK have had fewer very cold nights. The coldest nights tend to be colder relative to the norm than the coldest winter days. Their loss has pushed up the average night-time minimum temperature disproportionately faster than the average daytime maximum temperature.

UK summers are also seeing more frequent hot weather as a result of climate change. Extreme daytime and night-time temperatures in the UK during heatwaves have risen by a similar amount, about 2°C in 150 years.

But even a brief hot spell allows warm nights to persist after daytime temperatures have returned closer to the norm, particularly in cities, leading to more hot nights than days overall. That’s because concrete and asphalt absorb and release daytime heat more slowly overnight compared with outlying rural areas, resulting in even higher night-time temperatures for city dwellers. This is known as the urban heat island effect.

Updated

The Red Cross has shared how its volunteers are helping out in the heatwave:

  • In London, the British Red Cross homeless support team working with King’s College Hospital are checking on vulnerable people in temporary accommodation, providing water and fans, and helping people get to health appointments.
  • Red Cross volunteers are providing water to ambulance crews across 10 hospitals in Lancashire, Manchester, Cheshire and Liverpool. By the end of the heatwave on Tuesday evening, volunteers will have handed out 3,600 bottles or 1.8 tonnes.
  • In Norfolk, Red Cross volunteers are supporting cooling centres with the local authority and other local groups.
  • British Red Cross teams are on standby to further support during the hot weather.

There’s also helpful advice on first aid for heatstroke and heat exhaustion on the Red Cross website.

Updated

Ambulance trusts across the country are braced for a rise in 999 calls as the heatwave leads to a surge in demand for NHS services.

PA Media reports that the interim deputy chief executive of NHS Providers, Miriam Deakin, said the entire health service is under pressure as temperatures rise, with some operating theatres getting too hot, leading to surgery being cancelled.

Brian Jordan, director of 999 operations at London ambulance service, urged people to dial 999 only in an emergency as he told the BBC that on a busy day there would be 5,500 emergency calls to the service but he was anticipating up to 8,000 calls on Monday.

Deakin said:

Hot weather spells intensify pressure on the NHS, increasing demand for urgent and emergency care and causing disruption to some planned care.

People with underlying conditions, older people and children tend to be most at risk. And while there have been additional steps put in place to increase ambulance capacity, ambulance trusts will be under significant pressure as the number of 999 calls can be expected to rise.

The NHS estate is not built to cope with extreme weather. Over the past 48 hours we’ve heard that some trusts are having to scale back the number of planned surgeries as operating theatres are getting too hot.

We’ve also heard that IT server rooms need additional cooling in buildings where the air conditioning is already overstretched.

Some trusts are working on contingency plans to reduce the amount of printing they do to lessen strain on IT systems.

She said NHS leaders were doing all they could to support patients and staff working in difficult conditions.

For example, in many trusts, staff are wearing cooler scrubs rather than formal uniforms,” she said.

Trusts have bought up bottled water to give out to patients and staff, have ice cream vans onsite and hospital kitchens making ice lollies for their colleagues and patients.

Trusts are also mounting fans and installing industrial cooling units where possible, and considering the impact of the heatwave in their discharge assessment of patients.”

Updated

Temperatures are expected to approach 30C in Northern Ireland, with people advised to stay out of the sun despite there being no heat warning in place in the region.

In the Republic of Ireland, a yellow weather warning is in place and red and amber weather alerts for extreme heat have been issued across Great Britain.

The Met Office said Northern Ireland had its hottest day of the year so far on Sunday with 27.7C recorded in Armagh, but that is expected to be exceeded on Monday.

The Met Office said: “Parts of the west around Fermanagh, west Tyrone and south Armagh could be closer to 30C on Monday.”

The highest temperature ever recorded in Northern Ireland was 31.3C (88.3F) in Castlederg in County Tyrone last July.

Dr Brid Farrell, deputy director of public health at the PHA, told the BBC Good Morning Ulster programme:

Actually we are in a fortunate position that we are not going to reach the temperatures currently being seen in England, Wales and the south of Scotland.

evere temperatures can effect old people and young children more severely so everybody should look out for them.

We are going to encounter more extremes of weather, both very hot and very cold in the next couple of decades. That is all due to climate change.

It is something we have to get ready for and be prepared for and know what to do when the temperatures reach very high levels.

I think for the next 48 hours we should be able to manage and health services will cope but for the future this is going to become a problem.

Updated

There are some more lines from the mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, who has accused Boris Johnson of treating the British public with contempt following his absence from Cobra meetings over the summer heatwave, and called for him to immediately step down as prime minister.

He said:

The Met Office for the first time ever have issued a level 4 red alert warning, the chief medical officer is advising everybody to be careful as a consequence of this extreme weather, the prime minister is hosting a lavish party at Chequers and obviously going on a joyride on a Typhoon plane.

That’s not what a prime minister should be doing. And if the prime minister wants to go on a jolly, he should leave No 10 Downing Street, he should resign and allow the deputy prime minister to be a caretaker prime minister until the Conservatives have chosen their leader.

This idea of a prime minister, who has been voted out by his party, having a jolly for six months is treating the British public with contempt. He should go now.

Updated

The Guardian’s political correspondent, Peter Walker, has the full report on Boris Johnson’s decision not to chair the heatwave emergency meeting:

Downing Street said Boris Johnson would be taking no part in a meeting of the government’s Cobra emergencies committee about the heatwave, scheduled for 2.30pm, which would be chaired by Kit Malthouse, the chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

Johnson’s official spokesperson said he did not know whether the prime minister, who spent the morning at the Farnborough air show, had a diary clash or simply chose not to attend the meeting, but insisted this was not an issue.

“More broadly on this, Kit Malthouse has said that he has taken the lead on the government’s response to the heatwave,” the spokesperson said.

“He’s keeping the prime minister fully briefed, including over the weekend, when the prime minister spoke to a number of secretaries of state about the work that they are doing. It’s not unusual in cabinet government for cabinet ministers to chair these sorts of things.”

Johnson missed an earlier Cobra meeting about the heatwave on Saturday. He spent the weekend at Chequers, the prime ministerial country retreat, where he held a farewell party for staff and colleagues.

In 2020, it emerged that Johnson had missed five Cobra meetings in the buildup to the coronavirus pandemic.

Steve Barclay, who replaced Sajid Javid as health secretary after Javid resigned, will record a TV clip following the Cobra meeting, No 10 said.

Updated

No 10 defends Boris Johnson missing another Cobra heatwave meeting

At today’s Downing Street lobby briefing, the prime minister’s spokesperson defended his decision to leave chairing the government’s emergency committee, Cobra, to a junior colleague.

The PM’s spokesperson said:

Kit Malthouse has made the point that he is taking the lead on the government’s response to the heatwave, he’s keeping the prime minister fully briefed including over the weekend when the prime minister also spoke to a number of secretaries of state about the work they are doing. And it is not unusual in cabinet government for cabinet ministers to chair these sorts of things.

Malthouse is due to chair another Cobra meeting on this at 2.30pm. The spokesperson would not say what Johnson would be doing while that meeting was taking place.

There will be an urgent question later today in the Commons on heatwave, tabled by the Green MP Caroline Lucas, and a statement from Stephen Barclay, the new health secretary, on pressures on the ambulance service.

Updated

Keir Starmer said the government’s lack of planning for the heatwave would leave people distressed and disappointed.

The Labour leader was asked whether businesses and schools should be open, after he spoke to young entrepreneurs at a central London bank.

He told reporters:

Yes, schools should be open and most schools are managing perfectly well. Obviously there’s been changes to uniforms and what people are wearing, children are wearing to school and some of the schools have flexible times when they can go home.

We need to work through this but I think most people say we need a government that’s on our side, that’s got a strategy, that’s planned for events like this. But we’re left again with a government that’s not done that basic planning and I think that’s going to be very distressing, very disappointing to millions of people across the country.

Asked whether there should be a maximum workplace temperature, Starmer said people are entitled to a safe place of work.

That can be achieved in a number of ways – I think more flexibility will be needed, breaks, etc. But what we really need is that [government] resilience strategy.

Updated

Heatwaves will get worse and more frequent, says climate prof

Nigel Arnell, professor of climate system science at the University of Reading, told a Science and Media Centre briefing that all evidence from the climate models and projections suggests heatwaves are going to get worse and more frequent.

He said:

The way we’re dealing with heatwaves at the moment essentially is to implement our emergency plans, which may or may not be very effective – we won’t know until Tuesday afternoon.

We really need to up the game in terms of adaptation and resilience in the UK and in other countries.

And there are a number of things that we can do based on what we’ve learned over the last few years of working on this.

One is that we need to make sure that all the new infrastructure that we’re currently building, the 40 new hospitals and so on, are designed to cope with the extremes that we’re definitely going to see.

He added that as well as improving infrastructure for the future, upgrades to existing infrastructure need to be done with future temperatures in mind, for example using heat-resistant rails for trains.

There are slightly different infrastructure standards based on what we’re used to.

The problem with this, of course, is that conditions are changing, and what we’re seeing now is conditions increasingly frequently outside the design conditions for what we’ve been used to and we’ve seen it in the railway and we’ve seen it on the roads.

So it’s this combination of when there’s an upgrade, when they are resurfacing a road, think about the longer term and what asphalt mixes and so on are needed.

He said that it was also important to have emergency plans in place so that things do not “collapse completely” until upgrades are implemented. Reasonable responses “become more difficult to justify if we have to do them all the time, and then that’s when we need to start thinking about rebuilding bits of infrastructure”.

Updated

The Met Office is warning that the strong sunshine is resulting in high to very high UV levels across the country, and encouraging people to protect their skin if they spend time outside.

Levels will reach 8 in the south-east on Monday and Tuesday, which Cancer Research describes as “very high exposure” and says skin protection is needed for all skin tones.

Heat waves are a danger to everyone and this is a “flavour of what’s to come”, says a climate scientist at the University of Reading.

“Heat waves are a silent killer,” Hannah Cloke told BBC News on Monday. “There is a great danger to everyone.”

While experts knew the heatwave was coming and were able to issue warnings, Cloke said they haven’t had the opportunity to make sure people are living in the right types of buildings, provide cooling spaces, or ensure the general population knows what to do.

Cloke said:

We probably need to treat heat waves and other things like floods a bit more like house fire. We probably need to think about practicing during peacetime when something bad isn’t going on, so people are aware of what to do.

Practicing as if it were a fire drill, would provide the knowledge on how to keep safe, said Cloke. Future solutions, she added, include shading buildings, installing shutters, and using trees and water in our cities.

Updated

Record temperatures expected across the UK are “not normal” for the city or country, said London mayor Sadiq Khan, calling the 40C forecasts “one of the consequences of climate change.”

Speaking with Sky News from City Hall, Khan added “none of those running to be the next prime minister seem to care about this issue.”

Khan said we aren’t ready, prepared, or used to these temperatures, while warning people to be careful.

We have to adapt now because I’m afraid this may become the norm rather than the exception.

Updated

The extreme heat sweeping across much of the UK on Monday and Tuesday was “extremely rare” before significant human emissions of greenhouse gases, said Ben Clarke, PhD researcher in extreme weather attribution at the University of Oxford. He added it has been made at least 10 times as likely just in the past 20 years.

At the latest Science Media Centre briefing, Clarke added:

Because climate change has made the temperatures people experience several degrees higher, there will certainly be many who will face health complications and even die as a direct result of climate change in this event. The death toll from recent heatwave events has been anywhere from several hundred to over 2000, showing that we remain unprepared for such events. The most at-risk groups are the elderly, those with ongoing cardiovascular conditions, and those in cities.

Updated

Temperatures are rapidly rising across the country, according to the Met Office.

As of 10am, it already surpassed 30C in Surrey. Here’s a look at elsewhere:

Writtle, Essex 29.8C
Manston, Kent 29.5C
Heathrow 29.4C
Odiham, Hampshire 29.4C
Santon Downham, Suffolk 29.4C

Updated

A powerful piece communicating what 40C temperatures in the UK say about climate breakdown written by professor emeritus of geophysical and climate hazards at UCL, Bill McGuire, warns that “we are now firmly on course for hothouse Britain”.

He writes:

Just three years ago, the mercury hit 38.7C (101.7F) in Cambridge – then an all-time record. A year later, meteorologists at the UK Met Office mocked-up a weather forecast for 2050, showing 40C-plus temperatures across much of the UK.

But the speed of climate breakdown is such that this future is already upon us. On Monday, the Met Office’s first ever red extreme heat warning comes into force for much of England, as ferocious 40C-plus temperatures threaten to overwhelm ambulance services and A&E departments, and potentially bring about thousands of deaths.

McGuire paints a terrifying picture of how the UK will look in future – blisteringly hot summers and desiccating droughts followed by torrential downpours will result in food shortages and buckling health services.

He urges:

Be scared, but don’t let this feed inertia. Instead channel the emotion and use it to launch your contribution to tackling the climate emergency. Things are going to be dreadful, but – working together – we still have the time to stop a dangerous future becoming a cataclysmic one.

Officers searching for a missing 13-year-old who got into trouble in a river near Ovingham, Northumberland, have found a body, Northumbria police said.

Northumbria police said the teenager’s body was found following extensive searches by the force’s marine unit.

A spokesperson said on Twitter:

Sadly, a body has since been found in the water. Formal ID has yet to take place but we believe it to be the missing boy. This is a tragic update that we hoped we’d never have to give. His family are being supported by officers & our thoughts are with them at this awful time.

Experts have warned of the dangers of jumping into open water to cool off. They can contain hidden hazards such as weeds or strong currents, and there may be a risk of injury or dangers from boats.

In addition, the water may be far colder than expected, leading to cold water shock, an incapacitating condition that can lead to heart attacks and drowning.

“This can all happen very quickly: it only takes half a pint of sea water to enter the lungs for a fully grown man to start drowning,” the RNLI notes.

Updated

Here’s the weather map of the UK this morning at 10am from BBC Weather.

Temperatures are rising rapidly amid strong sunshine across much of the country, with the highest reaching nearly 30C in south-east England, although clouds over north Scotland and Northern Ireland are keeping things a little cooler.

Updated

The chief executive of the Met Office has said that, while extreme temperatures remain “rare”, by 2100 temperatures like those expected this week could be seen in the UK as frequently as once in every three years as a result of climate change.

Prof Penelope Endersby told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme:

These temperatures are unattainable in the UK without climate change, they just don’t appear in the ensembles at all.

They’re still rare in today’s 1.1-1.2-degree warmed climate, but by 2100, we’re expecting them to be anywhere between one in 15 and one in three years, depending on the emissions pathways we take between now and then.

We will certainly need to make changes to our infrastructure, transport, hospitals, care, homes, all those sorts of things, as well as to our domestic building designs.

So yes, we need to make short-term changes for things like cooling centres and then longer-term changes, as well as assuming the very good progress we’ve already made as a nation towards net zero.

Updated

Scotland imposes speed restrictions on rail routes

Speed restrictions are being put in place on key rail routes in Scotland following the amber weather warning of extreme heat on Monday and Tuesday.

Network Rail confirmed train speeds would be restricted between 1pm and 8pm on Monday, which will have an impact on most routes, with a 20mph speed restriction on the stretch of rail between Hyndland and Finnieston in Glasgow, which is thought to be the busiest route in Scotland.

It comes after the Met Office issued an amber weather warning for Monday and Tuesday in eastern, southern and central parts of Scotland, where some temperatures are expected to exceed 30C.

Network Rail tweeted:

We will be implementing further speed restrictions between 13:00-20:00 today. These restrictions will impact most train routes during the warmest part of the day, helping to minimise potential damage caused by todays forecasted temperatures.

Restrictions will be in place between Glasgow Central and Edinburgh Waverley; Dumfries and Carlisle as well as Glasgow Queen Street and Aberdeen; Inverness; Oban and Fort William and Edinburgh Waverley and North Berwick, with delays of around 10 minutes expected, according to the ScotRail website.

Rail journey times may double, Network Rail warns

Speed restrictions imposed on trains amid fears of rails buckling in the heat could more than double journey times for passengers, the chief spokesman for Network Rail has said.

Kevin Groves told Sky News that trips which typically take two hours could take “more than four hours” as emergency measures have been brought in to prevent trains derailing.

He said:

Certainly later on today that (buckling) is a strong possibility, which is why, from about midday today through till 8pm tonight, there will be large swathes of England and Wales that will have emergency heat-related speed restrictions placed on the rail network.

Our advice to passengers if they can, today and tomorrow, is only travel if it’s really necessary; otherwise try and shift your arrangements to later in the week and you’ll get a full refund.

'Crumbling' NHS buildings can't adapt to heatwave, says NHS Confederation chief exec

The “crumbling” NHS estate is full of buildings that cannot adapt to the challenges of the heatwave, the chief executive of NHS Confederation has said.

Matthew Taylor told Sky News the health service will “pull out all the stops” to keep running over the coming days but warned that ongoing “capacity issues” will make it harder to bounce back.

He said:

We’ve been given advice in the NHS, we’ll do all that we can, but the problem is this is about resilience, isn’t it?

The NHS has [...] got an estate that is crumbling, so many are not the kind of buildings that have got the adaptability to these kinds of challenges.

We’ll do our best but, as we learned during Covid, what’s really important is that we have resilient public services that have the capacity to respond to problems like this, and the NHS will absolutely pull out all the stops and will do all it can, but to be truly resilient we have to address those capacity issues.

Updated

Outside chance of 43C for Tuesday, Met Office chief exec says

The chief executive of the Met Office confirmed “we may well see the hottest day in the UK in history” on Monday, but Tuesday is expected to be even hotter, with some forecasts estimating highs of 43C (109F).

Prof Penelope Endersby told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme:

We think today we may well see the hottest day in the UK in history, with the hottest temperatures in the south-east, but actually the highest temperatures we expect tomorrow, and those temperatures will be further north as that warm air pushes north. So it’s tomorrow that we’re really seeing the higher chance of 40 degrees and temperatures above that.

Even possibly above that … 41 isn’t off the cards. We’ve even got some 43s in the model but we’re hoping it won’t be as high as that.

Well, we certainly don’t see these very hot temperatures persisting past Tuesday, so we’re expecting a big drop in temperature, mercifully, overnight into Wednesday – down 10 or 12 degrees on what it has been the days before.

We are still seeing hotter than average in our three-month outlook and also very dry, and our attention is turning, once we’re past these two days, to drought and when we might see any rain, and we’re not seeing any significant rain coming up.

Updated

The Hedgehog Society is reminding people not to forget another neighbour who might be suffering in the heat. A tweet this morning warns that our spiky friends are dying of dehydration, and has suggested people place shallow bowls of water for wildlife in their gardens.

There’s some more helpful advice on helping wildlife cope with the hot weather here from Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust, including topping up watering stations, ponds and bird baths and providing shade for animals.

Updated

The Met Office has tweeted an infographic showing the hottest UK days on record. Top place goes to the 38.7C recorded in Cambridgeshire in 2019, followed by 38.5C in Kent in 2003 – the same year that many died in France due to the heatwave.

All the temperatures bar three are since 2000, and two of the others are from the 1990s, except one unusually hot day in 1911, when the mercury climbed to 36.7C in Northamptonshire (that infamous journalistic cliche is especially warranted here since mercury thermometers were in use at the time).

Updated

Train services might not return to normal on Wednesday, says Network Rail

Jake Kelly, spokesperson for Network Rail, has warned that services returning to normal on Wednesday “will depend on the damage that the weather does to the infrastructure” over the course of Monday and Tuesday.

Speaking to BBC Radio 4’s Today programme, Kelly said:

Our advice very strongly to customers in England and Wales today and tomorrow is to only travel if absolutely essential, and to expect a very reduced train service and delays.

And of course, as your listeners were hearing, on the East Coast mainline, that’s the route from London to destinations like Peterborough, Leeds and York, tomorrow, unfortunately, there won’t be a train service and passengers should not travel.

We haven’t taken any of those decisions lightly, but we’ve not been faced with these exceptional temperatures before.

We’re spending hundreds of millions of pounds a year on making the railway more resilient but ultimately faced with weather like we’ve never faced before, the infrastructure will suffer so we’ve had to put in place arrangements.

We hope and expect to run a full service on Wednesday and beyond, but that will depend on the damage that the weather does to the infrastructure over the next couple of days. We have lots of plans in place to make sure that we can run.

Updated

Labour frontbencher Lisa Nandy has accused Boris Johnson and his ministers of having “clocked off” during the UK’s first red extreme heat warning.

The shadow levelling up secretary told Sky News:

We think the government ought to do a number of things: first is to turn up to work.

She said the prime minister has “clearly clocked off”, adding: “And so have many of his ministers in his government.”

Nandy said there should be a dedicated Cabinet Office minister to co-ordinate an emergency response and she urged Whitehall to work with local areas to ensure resilience plans are in place to end the current “patchwork” approach.

Updated

Minister defends PM not chairing Cobra meeting on heatwave

Cabinet minister Kit Malthouse spoke about the UK government’s plans for the heat on this morning’s broadcast rounds.

He told LBC Radio “people should do the neighbourly thing” and check on elderly people living nearby to “check they are OK, they’ve got access to water, they are keeping themselves cool and looking after themselves”.

There was likely to be “significant disruption” on the transport network and people should “think about working from home” if they are able to, he added.

He defended the government’s response, saying the Cobra meetings “make sure we are prepared and we are then able to communicate a sensible public safety message”.

He said it was a “very unfair criticism” to attack Boris Johnson for not attending the Cobra meetings on the heatwave. He said it was “literally my job” to chair Cobra, and Johnson “appoints secretaries of state to do this kind of work and that’s what I’ve been doing”.

The prime minister was at his country retreat Chequers over the weekend where he hosted a party for friends.

Malthouse said France had a heatwave in 2003 and “thousands of elderly people did die” so the UK could “learn from that. We are not used to this kind of heat and we just need to make sure that we are sensible and moderate and take care during the next 48 hours”.

Updated

If you’re wondering how to stay cool today, here are some expert tips:

  • Close the curtains and windows
    It might seem counterintuitive, but if you get cool air into your house at night then close the windows when the temperature outside exceeds the temperature inside, you’ll trap the cooler air inside. Right now, for example, in London it’s 25C so keep them open, but you might want to shut them around noon when the temperature will exceed 30C. Open the windows again when the weather gets cool at night – note that the temperature won’t drop below 30C in many places until after 11pm. Likewise, draw the curtains in front of any window facing the sun, although dark curtains and metal blinds can absorb heat – ideally replace them or put reflective material between them and the window. Turn off any heat-producing equipment, such as electrical devices. Note that electric fans are only helpful below 35C.
  • Stay out of the sun
    Try to avoid being outside in the sun during the hottest period of the day, from 11am-3pm. If you do go out, wear sunscreen, stick to the shade, bring water with you , and wear light, loose-fitting clothes and a hat.
  • Don’t over-exert yourself
    Avoid exercising or strenuous physical activity during the hottest parts of the day, and be careful at all times over the next couple of days. Medical experts have advised adapting your behaviour, including taking more breaks and making sure you drink plenty of water.
  • Use water
    The WHO suggests hanging wet towels inside rooms – while this may increase the humidity, it helps cools the air as the water evaporates. A cool shower or bath, cold packs, footbaths or just a sprinkling of water, can also help.
  • Look out for others
    Keep an eye on anyone who might be vulnerable – babies, children, those with cardiovascular illnesses, or elderly people. The Heatwave Plan for England also urges people to be alert “and call a doctor or social services if someone is unwell or further help is needed”. Know the signs of heatstroke, which can come on quickly and be fatal: headache, feeling sick, dizziness and confusion, excessive sweating, loss of appetite, arm, leg and stomach cramps, a fast pulse and feeling very thirsty.

Deputy chief medical officer Thomas Waite told GMB this morning:

If you see somebody who’s experiencing those symptoms, get them into the cool, get them into the shade, give them some fluid to rehydrate, it can be water, it can be sports drinks or rehydration fluids, and most people will make a good recovery in about 30 minutes or so.

You can read more here:

Updated

First ever level 4 heat warning in place

Good morning.

The UK is gearing up for its hottest ever day, with temperatures forecast to exceed 40C. The high temperatures are set to remain for the next two days, causing widespread disruption, as passengers are urged not to travel by train, since rails may buckle in the heat, and some schools will close.

The UK Health Security Agency has put in place its first ever level four heat warning to communicate to the public the danger posed by sustained high temperatures, meaning “illness and death may occur among the fit and healthy, and not just in high-risk groups”.

The UK, and other European countries, have been seeing heatwaves with record-breaking temperatures regularly over the past few years. Scientists have said the link between climate change extreme heatwaves is now clear.

I’ll be keeping you updated on all the latest disruption, alongside weather analysis and tips on staying cool for the rest of the day. Please do get in touch if there’s anything happening in your local area, or you’ve spotted something we’ve missed – you can reach me at rachel.hall@theguardian.com.

Updated

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