Climate change is no longer a distant threat—it’s happening now. One of the most visible and devastating effects is rising sea levels, which are swallowing coastlines, displacing communities, and even threatening the existence of entire nations. The sinking nations phenomenon is no longer science fiction; it’s a harsh reality for millions.
But what exactly is causing sea levels to rise? How did we get here, and more importantly, what can we do to stop it? Let’s dive in.
Rising Sea Levels Explained
Rising sea levels refer to the increase in the average height of the world's oceans. This occurs due to two main factors:
- Glacial Melt: Rising global temperatures cause ice sheets and glaciers to melt, adding more water to the oceans.
- Thermal Expansion: As ocean water warms, it expands, increasing overall sea levels.
According to ExpressVPN’s study on sinking nations, since the late 19th century, global sea levels have risen by around 8–9 inches (21–24 cm). While that may not sound like much, even a few inches can lead to climate issues, such as devastating storm surges, coastal erosion, and flooding.
How Sea Levels Have Evolved Over Time
Sea levels have fluctuated naturally throughout Earth’s history, but the current rate of increase is unprecedented. Before the industrial era, sea levels were relatively stable. However, with the massive increase in carbon emissions due to human activity, things have changed dramatically:
- 1900–2000: Sea levels rose about 6 inches (15 cm).
- 2000–2020: The rate nearly doubled, with sea levels rising at an average of 0.14 inches (3.6 mm) per year.
- Future Projections: By 2100, sea levels could rise by up to 3 feet (1 meter) if emissions continue unchecked.
What’s alarming is that the effects are not uniform. Some places, like low-lying island nations, are experiencing the worst consequences.
The Impact on Low-Lying Nations
Many coastal regions are already suffering from rising sea levels, but sinking nations face total submersion. Countries like Tuvalu, the Maldives, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands are on the front lines of this crisis.
- Tuvalu: A Pacific island nation where some areas are just 6.6 feet (2 meters) above sea level. If sea levels rise even slightly, it could disappear entirely.
- Maldives: The world's lowest-lying country, with an average elevation of just 4 feet (1.2 meters), making it highly vulnerable to flooding and coastal erosion.
- Kiribati: Has already purchased land in Fiji to relocate its citizens as parts of the country are expected to be underwater in the next few decades.
- Bangladesh: Not an island nation but still at risk—millions could be displaced due to worsening floods.
While sinking nations in the Pacific often take center stage in discussions about rising sea levels, they are far from the only ones at risk. Many regions across the globe, particularly in the Caribbean, South Asia, and parts of the U.S., are facing similar challenges.
The Caribbean, known for its stunning beaches and vibrant cultures, is also extremely vulnerable to rising seas. Many islands in this region are low-lying, meaning even small changes in sea level can have devastating consequences.
- The Bahamas: Over 80% of the country sits less than 3 feet (1 meter) above sea level. Rising waters threaten homes, tourism, and freshwater supplies.
- Barbados: Coastal erosion and flooding have already forced some communities to move inland.
- Haiti & The Dominican Republic: These nations face a combination of sea-level rise, stronger hurricanes, and deforestation, making them especially vulnerable.
- Jamaica: Heavily dependent on coastal tourism, rising waters and coral reef destruction could damage the economy.
It’s not just small island nations in danger—many major cities in the United States, Europe, and Asia face rising seas, too.
- Miami, Florida: Streets already flood regularly, and projections show that much of the city could be underwater by 2100.
- New Orleans, Louisiana: Parts of the city are already below sea level, making it highly susceptible to flooding.
- New York City: A 1-3 foot rise in sea level could put entire neighborhoods at risk, especially in Lower Manhattan.
- Jakarta, Indonesia: The city is sinking so fast that the government is relocating its capital to a new site.
- Venice, Italy: The city is already dealing with frequent flooding, and scientists predict worse conditions in the coming years.
What Can Be Done to Prevent Catastrophe?
The future of sinking nations depends on how we act today. While some damage is inevitable, we still have time to slow down the crisis. Here’s how:
1. Cut Carbon Emissions
The biggest contributor to climate change is burning fossil fuels. Shifting to renewable energy (like wind, solar, and hydropower) and reducing reliance on coal, oil, and gas can significantly reduce the speed of sea level rise.
2. Invest in Adaptation Strategies
Coastal nations are already building sea walls, artificial islands, and floating cities to protect their citizens. However, these solutions are expensive and not feasible for every country. Global financial support is crucial to help vulnerable nations adapt.
3. Protect and Restore Natural Barriers
Mangroves, coral reefs, and wetlands act as natural defenses against rising sea levels and storm surges. Conservation and reforestation efforts can help buffer coastal communities.
4. Strengthen Climate Policies
Governments worldwide must commit to aggressive climate policies, such as reducing emissions, limiting deforestation, and enforcing stronger environmental regulations. The Paris Agreement is a step in the right direction, but more action is needed.
5. Support Displaced Communities
For many sinking nations, relocation is becoming a reality. The international community must provide legal protections, economic support, and pathways to citizenship for climate refugees.
A Call to Action: Our Role in Protecting Sinking Nations
Climate change isn’t just a government problem—it’s a global one. And that means you have the power to make a difference.
- Reduce your carbon footprint by using less plastic, conserving energy, and supporting sustainable brands.
- Stay informed and advocate for policies that address climate change.
- Support organizations helping affected communities, such as climate justice groups and NGOs, working on relocation efforts.
Rising seas are redrawing the world map. But if we act now, we can slow the tide and help protect those who stand to lose everything.
