Scientists have recently shed light on a concerning phenomenon - the Moon is getting smaller. This revelation has raised alarms about the potential impact on future lunar missions. With the prospect of human settlements on the Moon not too far away and NASA's dedication to lunar exploration, understanding this shrinking process has become crucial. A recently published study, 'Tectonics and Seismicity of the Lunar South Polar Region,' delves into this issue, specifically focusing on the south polar region, which appears to be more affected than any other area.
The shrinkage of the Moon's circumference over the past few hundred million years, due to the gradual cooling of its core, has caused the south polar region to experience significant pressure. The study suggests that around 50 years ago, this area of the Moon was struck by a moonquake, which was one of the most powerful ever recorded. Thomas R Watter, a senior scientist emeritus at the National Air and Space Museum's Center for Earth and Planetary Studies and lead author of the study, explains, 'Our modeling suggests that shallow moonquakes capable of producing strong ground shaking in the south polar region are possible from slip events on existing faults or the formation of new thrust faults.'
This discovery has significant implications for the safety and sustainability of future manned missions to the Moon, including NASA's planned Artemis III mission in 2026. Watter emphasizes that the presence of active thrust faults and the potential formation of new ones from the ongoing contraction of the Moon must be taken into account when determining the location and stability of permanent outposts on the lunar surface.
Another researcher involved in the study, Professor Nicholas Schmerr from the University of Maryland, adds to this concern. He explains that the Moon's surface is comprised of loosely consolidated material, comparable to dry gravel and dust. Over billions of years, the surface has been bombarded by asteroids and comets, causing constant ejection and reworking of angular fragments. As a result, the surface material ranges from microscopic to boulder-sized pieces that are only loosely bound. These loose sediments make the occurrence of shaking and landslides highly likely.
Aside from the Moon's shrinking size, there is another cause for worry. NASA has recently been alerted to the vulnerability of the Moon's resources. As various missions and settlements are being planned, it is crucial to ensure the sustainability and preservation of these essential resources.
While the Moon's shrinking size and the potential risks it poses to future lunar missions are cause for concern, these findings allow scientists and researchers to better understand the lunar environment. By considering the geological shifts and the specific characteristics of the Moon's surface, they can ultimately plan and execute safer and more sustainable missions to our celestial neighbor. As efforts towards lunar exploration continue to ramp up, it is imperative to stay vigilant, adapt, and find innovative solutions to overcome the challenges that lie ahead.
