Antarctica, known for its icy landscapes, holds a surprising secret beneath its snow-covered surface – a network of 138 volcanoes, with 91 discovered as recently as 2017. While most are dormant or extinct, three have erupted in recent history: Penguin Island in 1905, Deception Island in 1970, and the famous Mount Erebus in 1972.
Mount Erebus, the tallest active volcano on the continent, stands at 12,448 feet and is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. It has been continuously erupting since at least 1972, emitting plumes of gas, steam, and rock 'bombs' in strombolian eruptions.
What makes Mount Erebus even more intriguing is its production of gold-laden volcanic gas. The volcano releases tiny specks of gold, estimated to be worth over $6,000 per day. Traces of this gold have been detected up to 621 miles away from the volcano.
Despite the allure of gold, the potential hazards of Antarctic volcanoes cannot be ignored. With the difficulty of access and harsh conditions, monitoring these volcanoes poses significant challenges. Scientists are uncertain about the possibility of future eruptions and their potential impacts.
Looking back in time, the eruption of Mount Takahe around 18,000 years ago offers insights into the potential consequences of Antarctic volcanic activity. This volcano, located near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, is believed to have caused environmental changes, including the formation of an ozone hole and the end of the last ice age.
While the likelihood of a similar event occurring again is low, the presence of active subglacial volcanoes raises concerns about future eruptions. The unpredictable nature of these volcanoes serves as a reminder of the dynamic and mysterious forces at play in Antarctica's volcanic landscape.
Antarctica's volcanoes are not just geological wonders but also potential agents of change, highlighting the delicate balance between nature's power and the fragility of our planet's ecosystems.
