In what marked a historic day for Congress, Kevin McCarthy was ousted from his role as speaker of the House of Representatives on 3 October – after less than nine months in the role.
The California congressman’s fate was sealed by his own warring party, as eight Republicans joined Democrats to vote to remove him from the speakership.
Mr McCarthy had grown increasingly at odds with the far-right wing of the party – notably lead rebel and MAGA Republican Matt Gaetz, who filed a motion to vacate the speaker in outrage that Mr McCarthy struck a deal with Democrats to avert a government shutdown (one that could have temporarily shuttered key services for American people and furloughed federal workers).
After Democrats declined to bail out the speaker and members of his own party turned on him, Mr McCarthy was removed in a 216-210 vote to vacate – marking the first time in American history that a speaker has been ousted by other lawmakers.
The House was plunged into turmoil – with no leader at a time when the US is once again careening towards a government shutdown.
Hopes that the political limbo was drawing to an end grew this week when Steve Scalise was nominated by the GOP.
But, after his win, the party failed to rally around him and it became clear that he wasn’t going to secure the votes to take the gavel.
On Thursday 12 October – just one day after becoming the nominee – he announced he was dropping out of the race.
So who will be the next speaker?
Here’s a look at some of the possible contenders:
Jim Jordan
Jim Jordan confirmed on 4 October that he was running for the role of speaker of the House, setting up a two-man race with Mr Scalise.
When asked by reporters if he is entering the race, the Donald Trump ally and man who has spent over 500 days ignoring a subpoena to testify about his actions on the day of the January 6 Capitol riot responded with a firm “YES”.
On Wednesday, Mr Jordan and Mr Scalise went head-to-head for the Republican party vote in a closed-door session.
Mr Jordan lost, defeated in a narrow 113-99 vote.
After, he said he would support Mr Scalise as speaker – but several MAGA Republicans including Marjorie Taylor Greene and George Santos continued to support Mr Jordan and refused to get on board with the party’s nominee.
Donald Trump – who has no vote in the House – has also endorsed Mr Jordan as the next speaker.
After Mr Scalise withdrew his candidacy, several Republican lawmakers said the party was mulling whether Mr Jordan should have a shot at seeing if he can get the 217 votes needed.
As one of the staunchest members of the far-right, MAGA arm of the Republican party, Mr Jordan is known for founding the right-wing Freedom Caucus in 2015.
He continues to serve as chairman of what has become known as the most right-wing caucus in the GOP party, with a record that includes trying to dismantle the Affordable Care Act multiple times.
Following Mr Trump’s loss in the 2020 presidential election, Mr Jordan played a key role in efforts to overturn the results – and for the former president to stay in power against the will of the American people.
Jim Jordan— (Copyright 2023 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)
He is known to have taken part in meetings with the former president where they made plans to fight the election results including one meeting at Trump campaign headquarters in November 2020 and another at the White House that December.
He has also admitted that he and Mr Trump spoke on the day of the January 6 Capitol riot – but refuses to reveal the nature of the calls.
Even faced with a subpoena, he refused to cooperate with the House select committee investigating the Capitol insurrection and so many questions remain unanswered to this day about his actions on and around that day.
Despite his controversies, he has risen up the GOP ranks in recent years with Mr McCarthy making him chair of the powerful Judiciary Committee back in February.
While he has a history of vehemently opposing bipartisanship, Mr Jordan also appears unlikely to be able to secure enough votes from within his own party to win the speakership.
One prominent example of his standing in Republican circles comes from an iconic quote from former House Speaker John Boehner, who labelled Mr Jordan a “legislative terrorist”.
Steve Scalise
Steve Scalise, who currently serves as House majority leader – the number two among House Republicans, emerged as the frontrunner of the race this week.
The Louisiana congressman was tipped as a possible challenger to Mr McCarthy back in January, but he refused to compete against him at the time.
After Mr McCarthy was ousted earlier this month, Mr Scalise announced that he’s running.
In a letter to colleagues on Wednesday 4 October, he referenced being shot at a 2017 congressional baseball practice, writing, “I firmly believe this Conference is a family. When I was shot in 2017, it was Members of this Conference who saved my life on that field. When I made it to the hospital and my family was told my chances of surviving were low, it was the prayers from all of you that carried us through”.
“You know my leadership style I’ve displayed as your Majority Leader and Whip. I have a proven track record of bringing together the diverse array of viewpoints within our Conference to build consensus where others thought it impossible,” he added.
Before he announced, Mr Scalise said on Tuesday night that “clearly within our conference, we have a very tight majority. Getting things done is going to be difficult in the tight majority. It still will be so no matter who’s going to be the next speaker, the challenges still remain, but I think the opportunity is there to continue moving forward”.
Steve Scalise announces he is taking his name out of the running for House speaker— (Getty Images)
When asked if he is physically up to the job – after several health issues including battles with blood cancer and injuries from the baseball practice shooting in Virginia – he insisted: “I feel great.”
On Wednesday, the GOP nominated Mr Scalise for the role, defeating the only other candidate Mr Jordan – appearing to pave the way for him to take the gavel.
But in a bombshell move on 12 October, he announced that he was dropping out of the race, hitting out at the “agenda” of members of his own party.
“If you look over the last few weeks, if you look at where our conference is, there’s still work to be done,” he told reporters.
“Our conference has to come together and is not there. There are still some people that have their own agenda.”
After securing the nomination, the party failed to rally around him and it became clear that he wasn’t going to secure the votes to take the gavel. Ms Greene claimed that she wouldn’t vote for Mr Scalise due to his health issues.
Mr Scalise is not without his controversies, having come under fire after it emerged he gave a speech to a white supremacist group founded by former Ku Klux Klan grand wizard David Duke in 2002.
Kevin Hern
Kevin Hern, the leader of the Republican Study Committee – the largest conservative caucus in the House – was also rumoured to be in the running but did not officially join the race to take on Mr Scalise and Mr Jordan for the GOP nomination this week.
Mr Hern is only in his third term in Congress making him a much less experienced politician than his competitors.
However he has touted this short tenure in politics but long, successful career in the business world as an advantage over the rest.
“I think you have to have a different set of skill sets,” Mr Hern told reporters this week.
Kevin Hern— (Copyright 2022 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)
“Strife is something that’s common when you have people working together and finding common solutions for it takes experience.”
Before being elected to Congress in 2018, the 61-year-old made millions as a McDonald’s franchisee and was part of its national leadership team
During the last race for House speaker in January, he gained some votes from Republicans rebelling against Mr McCarthy.
Tom Emmer
Tom Emmer’s name has also cropped up as a possible contender.
Mr Emmer, a Minnesota congressman since 2014, became the House majority whip earlier in the year.
Tom Emmer— (Copyright 2023 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)
Mr Emmer served as chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee for two cycles. In the first cycle, he successfully defeated numerous Democratic incumbents, giving then-House speaker Nancy Pelosi a much slimmer majority with which to govern.
He stayed in the job for the 2022 cycle when Republicans won the House, meaning he knows many of the freshmen incumbents and funneled money to them when needed. His time in the post also gave him significant facetime with Republican donors – a skill that would benefit him in a speaker’s race.
Despite his name instantly cropping up, Mr Emmer said after Mr McCarthy’s ousting that he didn’t plan to run – but would instead back Mr Scalise.
CBS News later reported that Mr Emmer was planning a run to become the next House majority leader under Mr Scalise as speaker.
Patrick McHenry
Following Mr McCarthy’s removal, North Carolina Rep Patrick McHenry instantly became speaker pro tempore.
This means that he is now the temporary leader of the House until the party nominates and successfully elects Mr McCarthy’s replacement.
As a close ally of Mr McCarthy, he has often served as a liaison between conservatives and leadership.
Patrick McHenry speaks to reporters on Tuesday before McCarthy’s ousting— (Copyright 2023 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)
He also has a strong enough relationship with Democrats both on the committee he leads and with the White House, recently playing a key role in negotiations with the Biden administration on raising the debt ceiling.
He is also one of only a handful of House Republicans who did not vote to overturn the 2020 presidential election results.
While this might make him a possible favourite to Democrats and some moderate Republicans, this bipartisanship could make him an unlikely choice for hardline Republicans.
However, as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, Mr McHenry does also have significant contacts with the financial industry and top donors.
Kevin McCarthy
While he has been ousted, there is nothing stopping Mr McCarthy from making another bid for his old job.
However, this seems unlikely based on his comments after he was voted out of the speakership.
Speaking at a press conference after he was voted out, Mr McCarthy said that he would not run for his old job again – and cast doubts on his future within the House of Representatives at all.
“I will not run for speaker again. I’ll have the [Republican] conference pick somebody else,” he said, adding that Mr Gaetz’s plot to oust him “was personal”.
Despite this, several allies indicated that they would seek his reelection.
On Wednesday, as members of the GOP gathered behind closed doors to discuss a nomination, Mr McCarthy urged his Republican allies not to vote for him to retake the role.
Instead, he read aloud the poem “Anyway” by Mother Teresa – curiously on the topic of forgiveness – and led the party members in a prayer before quickly exiting the forum.
Speaking to CNN after, he said: “I know a lot of them want to nominate me, I told them ‘please do not nominate me’.”
However, he also refused to endorse either of the two candidates on the table at the time: Mr Scalise and Mr Jordan.
“I haven’t endorsed anyone. I’ll let the conference decide,” he said, before taking a thinly veiled jab at the lawmakers who led to his ouster. “It’s more than selecting a speaker. If this conference continues to allow four per cent of the conference to partner with Democrats when 96 per cent of the conference wants something else, they will never lead,” he said.
Donald Trump
When Mr McCarthy was ousted, a growing number of far-right Republican lawmakers including Marjorie Taylor Greene began calling for Donald Trump to become the next House speaker.
MAGA Republican Ms Greene took to X, formerly Twitter, that night to claim that the former president is the “only candidate” she will back to take the gavel.
“The only candidate for Speaker I am currently supporting is President Donald J. Trump. He will end the war in Ukraine. He will secure the border,” she said.
“He will end the politically weaponized government. He will make America energy independent again. He will pass my bill to stop transgender surgeries on kids and keep men out of women’s sports. He will support our military and police. And so much more! He has a proven 4 year record as President of the United States of America. He received a record number of Republican votes of any Republican Presidential candidate! We can make him Speaker and then elect him President! He will MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!!!”
Trump in court on Tuesday— (Getty Images)
She was joined by a handful of other Republican representatives – including Texas lawmaker Troy Nehls and Florida Rep Greg Steube – who also said they were throwing their support behind the former president.
Mr Trump could be elected as the next speaker as, under the rules of Congress, the speaker does not have to be a current sitting member in the House.
That said, every speaker in the history of the US so far has been.
Back in January, when Mr McCarthy was struggling to get enough votes from his own party to secure his speakership, Mr Gaetz touted the former president as a possible candidate and cast his vote for Mr Trump.
This week, Mr Trump has revelled in the calls for him to take the gavel, sharing the endorsements on his Truth Social platform.
He then told Fox News on Thursday that he would become speaker temporarily to act as a “unifier” to the GOP party.
“I have been asked to speak as a unifier because I have so many friends in Congress,” he said.
“If they don’t get the vote, they have asked me if I would consider taking the Speakership until they get somebody longer-term because I am running for president.
“They have asked me if I would take it for a short period of time for the party until they come to a conclusion – I’m not doing it because I want to – I will do it if necessary, should they not be able to make their decision,” the former president told the outlet.
He also suggested that he could travel to the US Capitol to help in the process – a visit that would mark his first time back there since the January 6 riot.
But hours later, he seemed to walk back the idea – saying that he has giving his full endorsement to MAGA Republican Mr Jordan.
Hakeem Jeffries
As the House minority leader, Hakeem Jeffries is the top Democrat in the House.
Back in February, Mr Jeffries gained more votes during 11 rounds of voting in the speaker’s election than Mr McCarthy.
Hakeem Jeffries— (Copyright 2023 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)
But, as Democrats hold the minority in the lower chamber, he would need Republican support to take the helm.
While this may seem unlikely, it’s possible that – if Republican infighting continues, the majority party can’t agree on a candidate and a government shutdown looms – some moderate Republicans might find Mr Jeffries a more suitable choice.
Eric Garcia contributed to this report
