When it comes to the transfer of power within the Vatican, specific laws and rituals are in place for the death or resignation of a pope. However, in the case of illness or incapacitation, the protocols are less defined. Currently, Pope Francis remains hospitalized in critical condition with a lung infection, yet he retains his position as pope.
In the event that a pope becomes totally incapacitated, questions arise about the continuity of leadership within the Catholic Church. While there are provisions in canon law for sick bishops, there are no explicit guidelines for an incapacitated pope.
Efforts have been made to address this legislative gap, with a group of canon lawyers proposing norms to regulate the office of a retired pope and establish procedures for a pope unable to govern. Under these proposed norms, power would transfer to the College of Cardinals in the event of a pope's temporary or permanent inability to lead.
Should a pope become unable to govern, a committee of medical experts would assess the situation to determine if the pope's condition is irreversible. If confirmed, a conclave would be convened to elect a new pope.
While Pope Francis has confirmed the existence of a resignation letter he drafted in case of medical incapacitation, the contents and validity of such a letter remain undisclosed. Canon law stipulates that a papal resignation must be freely and properly manifested, as was the case with Pope Benedict XVI's resignation in 2013.
In the event of a pope's death or resignation, a series of rites and rituals govern the transition of power. During the 'sede vacante' period, the camerlengo oversees the administration and finances of the Holy See until a new pope is elected. The dean of the College of Cardinals plays a key role in organizing the conclave to select the next pope.
As Pope Francis continues his hospitalization, the Vatican grapples with the complexities of papal succession in the face of potential incapacitation, highlighting the need for clear protocols in such scenarios.
