KYIV, Ukraine — Hundreds were feared dead in the embattled Ukrainian port city of Mariupol on Thursday after more than a day of Russian bombardment left buildings in ruins and civilians cowering in terror. Moscow’s invading forces also stepped up a siege of other key cities, including a crucial power-generating city in the country’s south.
As Russian President Vladimir Putin’s war in Ukraine shuddered into a second week, the full extent of a European refugee crisis on a scale not seen since World War II was coming into focus. An estimated 1 million Ukrainians — half of them children — have sought refuge outside the country, the United Nations and humanitarian organizations say.
The total number of those displaced internally and externally could grow to a staggering 10 million, U.N. spokesman Stephane Dujarric said.
The ferocity of the fighting has been escalating daily. Russian forces unleashed a fresh barrage of artillery fire, rockets and air attacks Thursday on Mariupol, a strategic city of some 430,000 people in southeastern Ukraine, on the Sea of Azov near the Russian border, news reports said.
The bombardment came during and after the Russian capture of Kherson, another port on the Dnieper River, which on Wednesday became the first major city to fall in the conflict. That conquest gives Russia an important foothold in the south.
“We cannot count the number of victims there, but we believe at least hundreds of people are dead,” Mariupol’s deputy mayor, Serhiy Orlov, told the BBC. “We cannot go in to retrieve the bodies. My father lives there. I cannot reach him. I don’t know if he is alive or dead.”
Orlov said the situation was approaching a “humanitarian catastrophe,” with food growing scarce. Civilians had also lost access to water, power and sanitation because of strikes on the city’s infrastructure.
Russian troops also menaced Enerhodar, a southern city that is the site of Europe’s biggest nuclear power plant, as part of a seeming attempt by Putin’s army to sever Ukraine’s maritime access. Municipal officials could do little but advise city residents to shelter in their homes.
The Russian advance in the south came as a second round of talks between Kyiv and Moscow, originally scheduled for Wednesday evening, took place late Thursday afternoon in Belarus. But few are holding out hope that the negotiations will be able to halt the biggest ground war in Europe in more than 75 years.
Those who have been in direct contact with Putin paint a dire picture of the Russian leader’s possible intentions. After a 90-minute phone call between French President Emmanuel Macron and Putin, a senior Elysee Palace official who briefed reporters on condition of anonymity offered a bleak assessment: “Without making a prediction, we should expect the worst is yet to come.”
Ukraine is demanding an immediate cease-fire and the establishment of humanitarian corridors for civilians to evacuate from hard-hit villages and cities. But Putin warned Ukraine that it must demilitarize and declare neutrality.
Although Ukrainians have put up staunch resistance over eight days of fighting, reports on the ground were grim. Russian troops have now surrounded Mariupol on all sides and could capture the port as soon as Thursday, Ukrainian officials acknowledged.
“Our internal forces are very brave, but we are surrounded by the Russian army,” Orlov told CNN. In Washington, a senior defense official told reporters that the Pentagon believes that 90% of the forces that Putin assembled for the invasion are now in Ukraine.
The capture of Mariupol would bridge the gap between territories held by Russian-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine and Russian soldiers in the southern peninsula of Crimea, which Moscow annexed by force in 2014. It would boost Russia’s chances of extending control across the rest of southern Ukraine and cutting off the country’s access to key shipping routes in the Black Sea.
The desperate conditions in Mariupol and elsewhere paint a grim picture for Ukraine of an overwhelmingly powerful military foe willing to launch more attacks on civilian targets, including schools and hospitals. A prosecutor for the International Criminal Court said late Wednesday that senior Russian leaders were being investigated for war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide.
Cities such as Kharkiv and the capital, Kyiv, have come under devastating fire as the Russian military attempts to regain the initiative after its initial assault failed to achieve a rapid victory. Ukraine’s State Emergency Service said Thursday that the bodies of 22 people were pulled from the rubble of a bombing in Chernihiv, north of Kyiv. The area’s head administrator said a missile strike had hit a residential area that had no military installations nearby.
Kyiv was hit by two massive explosions that lit up the city’s sky Wednesday evening and before dawn Thursday. One of the blasts damaged the central train station, a key transit point for thousands fleeing the capital, but packed trains were still running on Thursday, ferrying people away from danger.
A 40-mile-long column of Russian armored vehicles on Kyiv’s northern outskirts “is still stuck there,” U.S. and British defense officials said Thursday, amid intelligence that the convoy was experiencing fuel and supply shortages, together with sporadic attacks by Ukrainian regular and irregular forces.
Nonetheless, fierce fighting across Ukraine is taking a mounting toll on human life, though it remains unclear to what extent. The United Nations’ human rights office said 227 civilians have been confirmed killed and another 525 injured since Russia’s invasion began a week ago. The office warned that the actual death toll was almost certainly vastly higher.
The Ukrainian State Emergency Service has said more than 2,000 civilians have been killed in the invasion.
Putin insisted that Russian forces were not targeting civilians. “Precision weapons are used to destroy exclusively military infrastructure,” he said, describing any allegations otherwise as “elements of an anti-Russian disinformation campaign.”
Russia’s defense ministry said Wednesday that 498 Russian soldiers had been killed and 1,597 wounded, a notable statement from a government normally secretive about any military setback. Ukraine claims about 9,000 Russian troops have died.
“One week ago, at 4 a.m., Russia invaded our independent Ukraine, our land,” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Thursday in the latest video address aimed at buoying his people and showing them he remains in place and in charge.
“The first hours and days of full-scale were extremely difficult, but we were united and therefore strong, and therefore we withstood. And it will be so, and we will continue to stand,” said the Ukrainian leader, who has achieved folk-hero status at home and throughout the world as he rallies compatriots to the country’s defense.
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken embarked Thursday on a trip that will include stops in Moldova, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia — all front-line states — “to underscore our solidarity and determination to hold the Russian and Belarusian governments accountable for their brutal war against Ukraine,” he said in a statement.
The British defense secretary, Ben Wallace, also visiting vulnerable Baltic states, did not mince words.
“What we’ve seen in Ukraine is beyond ... anybody’s idea of what might happen,” Wallace said at a news conference in Estonia. “Not only has Russia illegally invaded Ukraine, it is now unleashing violence on civilian areas, bombardments, and inflicting casualties on potentially thousands of civilians.”
Despite the fall of Kherson, control of which grants Russia access to a canal to supply Crimea with water, Wallace said most major population centers remain under the Ukrainian flag.
“They still have not taken control of a number of the big cities,” he said of Russian troops. “They might have entered them; in some cases, they’ve been repelled. But taking control of large cities is a completely different step, and they have not succeeded.”
Russian forces have already begun advancing west from Kherson toward Mykolaiv, another major Black Sea port and shipbuilding center. Vitaliy Kim, the regional governor, said convoys of Russian troops were moving in on the city, The Associated Press reported.
Russian amphibious landing vessels were also reported to be heading toward the historic seaside city of Odessa.
Zelenskyy said in his address that resistance was working and eroding the morale of Russian invaders who were behaving like “confused children who have been used.”
But Ukrainian civilians face the specter of increasing terror. A close adviser to Zelenskyy said Russian troops had been looting, robbing and murdering civilians in territories they held.
“We need humanitarian corridors — food, medicine, ambulance, evacuation. We need active help of international organizations,” the presidential aide, Mykhailo Podolyak, said in a tweet.
In the face of international condemnation, including a U.N. General Assembly resolution Wednesday demanding a halt to Moscow’s aggression, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov remained defiant, saying Thursday that the U.S. and its NATO allies were responsible for provoking the war.
“They are listening to us, but they are not hearing us, and they’re trying to force upon us their own understanding of how Europe should live,” Lavrov said, comparing the U.S. to Napoleon and Hitler in its “goal to subjugate Europe.”
“I am confident that this hysteria will be over,” Lavrov added. “Our Western partners will come to their senses and will come to dialogue on one condition: of respect and taking into account each other’s interests.”
Russia is paying an increasing economic price for its war. The country’s central bank said the main stock exchange would remain closed for the fourth consecutive day Thursday, a move made to prevent a collapse of the Moscow Exchange.
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(Bulos reported from Kyiv and Pierson from Singapore. Henry Chu in London and Anumita Kaur in Washington contributed to this report.)
