Activists with Just Stop Oil have graffitied a building housing right-wing think tanks and blocked the road in Westminster.
Officers said one person had been arrested on suspicion of criminal damage after protesters spray painted 55 Tufton Street in Westminster, an address linked to several influential right-wing organisations.
Six protesters disrupted traffic by sitting in the road with banners, with some supporters fixing themself onto the tarmac, while others locking themselves together.
Activists said they targeted the building because it was the “headquarters of fossil fuel lobbyists that backed Liz Truss”.
The building houses organisations including the TaxPayers' Alliance and the Global Warming Policy Foundation, an organisation which questions the cost of policies attempting to address climate change.
Police said: “Shortly after 11:15hrs on Tuesday, 25 October, a group of approximately 10 protesters from Just Stop Oil blocked Horseferry Road, at the junction with Tufton Street.
“Officers are on scene and are working to re-open the road.”
A spokesperson for the eco group said: “Politics is broken. It was broken here in Tufton Street by shady lobbyists who now stalk the corridors of power... Liz Truss’s toxic pro-oil policies helped end her career – and unless we ditch them, they’ll finish us off too.”
Just By Donkeys, a protest group, also staged a demonstration earlier this month at the address in a viral video.
Three of its members are seen climbing a ladder to put up a mock blue plaque “The British economy crashed here” with the date September 23, 2022, the date of Liz Truss’s disastrous mini-budget.
Tuesday’s protest marks the 25th day of concerted action by Just Stop Oil, with the group vowing a month of direct action.
During those three weeks, police have made 576 arrests, said the group.