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ABC News
ABC News
National
Tracey Shelton, wires

The Taliban's new armoury of US-made equipment includes planes, guns and night-vision goggles

The US have given the Afghan military billions of dollars in weaponry and military equipment. (AP: Rahmat Gul)

For decades, Taliban militants have fought American war planes and armoured vehicles with mostly Kalashnikovs, improvised explosives and ground missiles.

But with the fall of Kabul they have a new armoury, and it's mostly care of the United States.

The US spent billions supplying the Afghan military with the tools to defeat the Taliban, but the rapid fall of Kabul and other major cities has left most of that weaponry in the hands of the insurgents.

Between 2002 and 2017, they gave the Afghan military an estimated $US28 billion ($39 billion) in weaponry and military equipment.

"We provided our Afghan partners with all the tools — let me emphasise: all the tools, training, and equipment of any modern military," said US President Joe Biden last month while defending his decision to withdraw American forces and leave the fight to the Afghan army.

Those weapons are now being brandished across Taliban social media as fighters pose with American-made rifles and vehicles are seen loaded with heavy weapons and mounted with artillery guns.

Video showed insurgents inspecting long lines of vehicles and opening crates of new firearms, communications gear and even military drones.

Here's a look at some of the war booty the Afghan army left behind as they fled, surrendered or defected to the Taliban.

Military vehicles

The Taliban are believed to control more than 2,000 armoured vehicles. (AP: Rahmat Gul)

A US official told Reuters that while there are no definitive numbers yet, the current intelligence assessment was that the Taliban is believed to control more than 2,000 armoured vehicles, including US Humvees worth an estimated $308,000 each.

Forbes reported that in the month of June alone, the Taliban captured 700 trucks and Humvees from the Afghan security forces as well as dozens of armoured vehicles and artillery systems.

Other American-made military vehicles reported to be in Taliban hands include M1117 Guardians, MaxxPro MRAPs, Oshkosh ATVs and other military vehicles used to navigate the country's rugged terrain.

The Taliban has also inherited 11 well-planned military bases equipped with the latest weapons and gadgets as well as its own air force.

The Taliban have also inherited 11 military bases. (AP: Abdullah Sahil)

Helicopters and drones

Between 2003 and 2016, the US provided Afghan forces with 208 aircraft, according to the US Government Accountability Office.

These include Blackhawk helicopters, scout attack helicopters, and ScanEagle military drones, light attack aircraft, and military transport planes, but not all were left behind.

In the past week, many of those aircraft were used by Afghan pilots to escape the Taliban.

One of the US officials said that between 40 and 50 aircraft had been flown to Uzbekistan by Afghan pilots seeking refuge. 

Some planes were in the United States for maintenance and will stay. Those en route to Afghan forces will instead be used by the US military to help in the evacuation from Kabul.

A Blackhawk helicopter is loaded into a US Air Force C-17 transport plane. (Reuters: US Army)

Current and former officials say that while they are concerned about the Taliban having access to the helicopters, the aircraft require frequent maintenance and many are complicated to fly without extensive training.

Retired US Army General Joseph Votel, who oversaw US military operations in Afghanistan as head of US Central Command from 2016 to 2019, said most of the high-end hardware captured by the Taliban, including the aircraft, was not equipped with sensitive US technology.

"In some cases, some of these will be more like trophies," Mr Votel said.

Why the Taliban are now armed to the teeth

Guns and night goggles

There is a more immediate concern about some of the easier- to-use weapons and equipment, such as night-vision goggles.

Since 2003, the United States has provided Afghan forces with at least 600,000 infantry weapons including M16 assault rifles, 162,000 pieces of communication equipment, and 16,000 night-vision goggle devices.

The US military had supplied Afghan security forces with 16,000 night-vision goggle devices. (AP)

"The ability to operate at night is a real game-changer," one congressional aide told Reuters.

Mr Votel and others said small arms seized by the insurgents such as machine guns, mortars, as well as artillery pieces including howitzers, could give the Taliban an advantage against any resistance that could surface in historic anti-Taliban strongholds, such as the Panjshir Valley north-east of Kabul.

Videos have circulated of Taliban fighters trading AK-47s for US-made rifles such as M16s.

Body armour suits, communications equipment, shoulder-mounted grenade launchers and even military drones are also believed to be among the loot.

Air strikes to destroy weapons not ruled out

The situation, experts say, shows the United States needs a better way to monitor equipment it gives to allies.

It could have done much more to ensure those supplies to Afghan forces were closely monitored and inventoried, said Justine Fleischner of UK-based Conflict Armament Research.

"Everything that hasn't been destroyed is the Taliban's now," said one US official, speaking on the condition of anonymity.

Current and former US officials said there was concern those weapons could be used to kill civilians, be seized by other militant groups such as Islamic State to attack US interests in the region, or even potentially be handed over to adversaries including China and Russia.

President Joe Biden's administration is so concerned about the weapons that it is considering a number of options to pursue.

The officials said launching airstrikes against the larger equipment, such as helicopters, has not been ruled out, but there is concern that would antagonise the Taliban at a time the United States' main goal is evacuating people.

There have been deaths and injuries at Kabul airport as crowds continue to mass outside.
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