After living in total isolation for more than 25 years, the last remaining member of a Brazilian Indigenous tribe has died, officials say.
The man, whose name was unknown, was the only inhabitant of Tanaru Indigenous Land, in the western Brazilian Amazon bordering Bolivia.
He was known by the nickname "Man of the Hole" for his practice of digging deep pits for hunting animals or his own shelter.
The man's body was found inside his hammock in his hut a week ago, without signs of violence or struggle.
Over the decades, the man had resisted all outside attempts to contact him and shot arrows at those who came too close, though authorities continued to monitor him from afar and occasionally left supplies for him.
Brazil's Indigenous affairs agency FUNAI said the man was the "only survivor of his community" and had lived in "voluntary isolation".
In 2018, members of FUNAI filmed the man during a chance encounter in the jungle.
The footage showed him topless and swinging an axe-like tool at a tree.
The rest of the man's tribe had been reportedly massacred in a series of attacks from the 1970s onwards by ranchers wanting to expand their land.
The Tanaru territory stands as a small island of forest in a sea of vast cattle ranches, in one of the most violent regions in Brazil.
"No outsider knew this man's name, or even very much about his tribe – and with his death the genocide of his people is complete," said Fiona Watson, the Research and Advocacy Director of Survival International, a group that advocates for the rights of Indigenous people around the world.
"He symbolised both the appalling violence and cruelty inflicted on Indigenous peoples worldwide in the name of colonisation and profit, but also their resistance."
The 8,000 hectares of Tanaru Indigenous Territory is one of seven territories in Brazil protected by land protection orders, which make it illegal for loggers and miners to enter tribal lands.
Facing pressure from agricultural and economic interests, the Brazilian government had campaigned to scrap the protections for Indigenous people.
The Brazilian Amazon is home to the largest number of Indigenous people living in voluntary isolation.
