On websites dedicated to selling souvenirs from history's most notorious murderers, a photograph signed by Charles Manson will set you back $500.
A densely handwritten letter by the now deceased cult leader and convicted murderer goes for $750. And a purported prison ID card for Patricia Dianne Krenwinkel, a former member of Manson's "Family" who was likewise convicted in 1971, is on sale for $5,000.
This week, the last untouched cache of Charles Manson "murderabilia" will have a new day in Los Angeles court.
On one side is Jason Freeman, 45, from Florida, who claims to be Manson's grandson and has the backing of the estate's legal administrator. On the other side is Michael Channels of Santa Clarita, California, a longtime pen-pal named as Manson's heir in a purported will from 2002, whose lawyer has billed him as the killer's "chosen family". Also in the mix is real estate agent Daniel Arguelles, who claims to be his son.
Judge Ruben Garci will hear the three petitions and rule who would be the recipient in the long-running dispute.
The prize at stake seems paltry: clothes, guitars, and personal writings that were in Manson's possession when he died at Corcoran State Prison in California in 2017, along with the rights to Manson's songs, image, and authorised biographies and documentaries.
Yet their value is boosted by the thriving industries of true crime media and "murderabilia" – items associated with prolific serial killers that fetch a high price in the obscure community of murder-obsessed collectors.
The estate could be worth between $400,000 and $1m, according to NewsNation, thanks to the continuing public fascination with Manson's murders, recounted in Quentin Tarantino's 2019 film Once Upon A Time In Hollywood. Mr Channels' lawyer has said the value could be more than $1m.
“When Manson was alive he was one of the biggest wheelers and dealers on the murderabilia market,” Andy Kahan, a longtime crime victims’ advocate who has been campaigning against the murderabilia industry since 1999, tells The Independent.
“Manson recorded music from behind bars that was sold on the market. He [sold] used cigarettes. You name it, if it had Manson’s name attached to it, it would sell – and in some cases go for big bucks.
“Since for obvious reasons Manson isn’t going to be producing any more items, whatever items are up for stake will become extremely valuable and a big get. So as absurd as it might sound to normalised people in the outside world, the fight for his estate is not surprising to me.”
Manson's murders caused an immediate sensation when they came to light in 1969, and have since become a locus for conspiracy theories and a symbol of the dark side of the 1960s counterculture.
The twice-imprisoned singer-songwriter had formed a cult called the Manson Family in the San Francisco Bay Area, attracting numerous young women to live with him in a hippie commune.
That summer in Los Angeles, members of the “family” murdered the actress Sharon Tate and eight other people. Prosecutors argued that while Manson had never ordered the killings, his hypnotic influence over the women and the apocalyptic worldview in which he immersed them made him culpable as a conspirator.
Mr Kahan's activism has focused on passing US laws to prevent living killers profiting from their murders by selling memorabilia, a practice he describes as "like being gutted all over again" for the families of their victims. When the killer Anthony Shore was executed in 2018, he willed all his property – and his body – to the owner of a major American murderabilia marketplace.
In Manson's case, Mr Kahan says, since the killer is dead, the sale of his items would be "bad taste, but you can't legislate against bad taste".
Yet Andy Mayoras, a probate lawyer and frequent commentator on celebrity lawsuits, has said that the true value of Manson's estate lies in the possible royalties from songs and image rights, which could "easily be hundreds of thousands of dollars".
Indeed, Manson's music has found some success: one song written before his conviction was covered by the Beach Boys, while songs from his pre-murder album Lie: The Love and Terror Cult were adopted by Guns N' Roses and featured in Once Upon A Time...
Previously some royalties were awarded to relatives of Manson's victims, and Mr Tarantino has said he was only willing to use the music because he was confident the proceeds would go to victims' families. But according to a Daily Mail investigation in 2019, those court judgements are likely to have lapsed, meaning the royalties may end up as part of the spoils in Freeman and Channels' lawsuit.
Mr Mayoras said: "It is blood money, and there can end up being a lot of it."
Casey Jordan, a criminologist at the Western Connecticut State University who specialises in serial killers, believes that the only ethical thing to do with Manson’s clothing and instruments is to destroy them.
“Laws which forbid the trafficking of murderabelia are important, but mostly we need a change in our culture,” she tells The Independent.
“Just as we make sure that we burn all illegal ivory, the tusks of poached elephants, instead of discussing whether or not the ivory could be made into artifacts or piano keys ‘for the greater good’, we should have an attitude that all spoils of violence should be destroyed and not collected as trophies,”
“There is absolutely no justification for keeping such objects in collections... the real question should be, what are the motives of the litigants and what do they plan to do with these clothes and guitars? Why would Charles Manson‘s grandson want the belongings of a relative of such horrific reputation?”
Asked in a NewsNation interview why his client was so interested in the estate, a lawyer for Mr Channels – Manson’s pen-pal – claimed that he just wanted to honour the final wishes of his "friend", though he dodged questions about why his client became friends with a convicted murderer in the first place.
Meanwhile, Manson's half-sister Nancy Claassen reportedly dropped out of the lawsuit following the judge's ruling that she had not presented any evidence refuting Mr Freeman's claim to be related. Ms Claassen's lawyer did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Thursday.
Victims' families are unlikely to appreciate the ghoulish legal contest, which could soon come to a close. Relatives of other killers' victims have told The Independent that America's obsession with true crime is frequently retraumatising, while an imprisoned serial killer said he feared the phenomenon was giving would-be murderers helpful tips.
"I've worked with homicide survivors now for 30 years, and I can tell you that it's one of the most nauseating and disgusting feelings in the world to find out that the person who murdered one of your loved ones now has personalised items up for sale," says Mr Kahan.
Ms Jordan agrees, saying: “To know that someone is profiting off the death of their loved one prolonged the suffering and makes healing impossible.”
That Manson himself can no longer benefit from the proceeds may offer cold comfort.
