Thailand's Battle Against Air Pollution And Traditional Burning Practices

The remains of a protected forest that was burnt by Pakanyo tribe members is visible in Chiang Mai province, Thailand, Monday, April 22, 2024. The Pakanyo, who have carried out the practice of control

During the haze season in northern Thailand, particularly in Chiang Mai, the issue of air pollution becomes a pressing concern. The practice of setting controlled burns by local tribes, such as the Pakanyo, contributes to the haze that engulfs the region. Despite being blamed for air quality issues, the Pakanyo argue that their traditional practices have sustained the forest for generations.

Chiang Mai consistently ranks as one of the world's most polluted cities during the haze season, with fine particulate matter levels exceeding recommended limits. Efforts to combat air pollution have been spearheaded by local government initiatives and Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin's commitment to enacting clean air legislation.

A significant contributor to air pollution in northern Thailand is biomass burning, with researchers identifying it as the primary source of haze. The cultivation of corn, often burned as stubble, has been a longstanding practice among farmers. Efforts to address this issue include tracing systems to prevent the purchase of corn from deforested areas and collaborations with neighboring countries to reduce burning practices.

Pakanyo tribe defends traditional practices despite contributing to air quality issues.

Haze season in Chiang Mai sees air pollution from controlled burns by local tribes.

Chiang Mai ranks among the world's most polluted cities during haze season.

Efforts to combat air pollution led by local government and Prime Minister's clean air legislation.

Biomass burning, particularly corn stubble, identified as a primary source of haze.

Local culture in northern Thailand deeply connected to fire for various purposes.

Challenges in regulating burning practices due to socio-economic factors and community reliance.

Zero-burning directive and FireD app represent innovative solutions to manage controlled burns.

Balancing environmental concerns with rural livelihood needs is a complex task for policymakers.

Local culture in northern Thailand has deep ties to fire, used for various purposes ranging from forest management to protests against environmental encroachments. Policies such as the zero-burning directive have been implemented, with mixed success. Innovative solutions like the FireD app, which predicts the impact of fires on air quality, represent positive steps towards managing controlled burns.

However, challenges persist in regulating burning practices due to socio-economic factors and the reliance of local communities on fire for livelihood activities. Policymakers face the complex task of balancing environmental concerns with the practical needs of rural populations.

As efforts continue to address air pollution in northern Thailand, a holistic approach that considers the cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions of burning practices is essential to achieve sustainable solutions.