MIAMI — Temporary structural supports have been added to areas in the underground garage of Champlain Towers North, seven months after its sister tower collapsed in the middle of the night.
The shoring was installed in mid-January despite assurances months earlier from the condo board that the building was structurally sound.
The supports were put in place “in an abundance of caution” as part of an ongoing inspection by a structural engineer, and will remain “until the columns are reinforced,” according to a Jan. 19 notice from the condo board to unit owners.
The 12-story oceanfront condo, built in 1981, features a design nearly identical to Champlain Towers South, which collapsed last June 24, killing 98 people. Although the official cause of the collapse remains undetermined, a Miami Herald investigation found that a combination of weak design, shoddy construction and damage and degradation over time likely combined to create a deadly domino effect.
Just weeks after the collapse — and before a thorough evaluation of the sister tower was performed — the Champlain Towers North condo board announced the tower was safe and was given a “clean bill of health” by several inspectors, including Allyn Kilsheimer, the engineer hired by the town in the wake of the tragedy.
The town had paid Kilsheimer’s firm, KCE Structural Engineers, about $1 million as of November for investigative work and building inspections, according to a vendor history report.
At a press conference last July, Kilsheimer said he had been asked by Champlain North residents if they were safe or if they should move. He told the press his answer was: “I would let my kids and grandkids stay in this building.”
Residents of Champlain North were given the option to voluntarily evacuate with resources provided by the Miami Foundation. Most stayed.
“If Surfside had any doubts about the safety of this building they would have evacuated us six months ago,” said Naum Lusky, president of the Champlain North condo association.
But the “post shores” now being added to the garage call into question the proclamations of health and safety last July, said Dawn Lehman, professor of engineering at the University of Washington who performed an analysis of Champlain Towers South for the Herald.
“It was premature to declare it to have a ‘clean bill of health’ then,” Lehman said. “And it’s probably too soon to say that now too.”
While the presence of shoring does not mean the building is in danger of immediately falling down, Lehman said it indicates “some other structural engineer has decided this building does not have a clean bill of health.”
Images taken at Champlain North suggest its sister tower a block to the south was in a much more significant state of disrepair in the years before the collapse. Still, Lehman said a visual inspection of the north tower is not enough to determine the safety of the structure, especially given the deficiencies in the design that likely contributed to the tragedy at Champlain South. A visual inspection would involve walking around the structure and looking for signs of corrosion and gaping cracks.
A thorough investigation would include an evaluation of the concrete and load calculations to determine whether the building was designed with enough strength to hold up its own weight and resist other forces like wind, she said.
“The fact that they’re doing those calculations is indicative that there are concerns and that they are doing the right thing now,” Lehman said.
Kilsheimer told the Herald he had done only a visual, walk-through inspection, and took limited concrete samples. He didn’t provide the results of tests on those samples and denied giving the building a clean bill of health.
“We didn’t do a full evaluation of anything in that building, I was giving people my opinion based on my experience of what I saw,” he said.
Numerous engineers walked through Champlain South in the years before it collapsed, and while their visual inspections revealed extensive damage, none of their reports concluded the building was on the brink of catastrophic failure. In 2018, Ross Prieto, then the Surfside building official, saw one of the reports and concluded the structure was in “good shape.”
Records show Champlain North hired engineer Youssef Hachem to inspect the aging condo in accordance with county regulations mandating a safety check and recertification for 40-year-old structures.
In a letter dated Sept. 27, 2021, to the Champlain North condo board president, Hachem said his team had completed a visual inspection of the building, but a fuller structural inspection was ongoing.
“At this time, we are not complete in our investigations, but we are confident the building is safe to be inhabited,” Hachem wrote in the letter. The full investigation would include scans to locate reinforcing steel within the concrete, and core samples to determine the strength of the concrete, according to the town’s recommendations cited in the letter.
Hachem did not respond to a request for comment.
Abieyuwa Aghayere, engineering professor at Drexel University, said that Champlain Towers North should undergo a thorough investigation before being declared safe.
“If the engineer’s investigation is not complete, how could they guarantee that the building is safe to inhabit — especially given the similarity of this building to CTS,” Aghayere said.
Photos from mid-January show metal posts are now clustered around narrow columns in portions of the Champlain North basement near the entrance ramp and along the western edge. The condo board president said he was unsure of the specifics of what prompted the placement and the town didn’t provide any details either in response to questions from the Herald.
“In existing buildings, post shores are often placed if a structural element has deteriorated and needs to be fixed,” Aghayere said.
He said the language from the Jan. 19 condo board notice — which states the shoring will be in place “until the columns are reinforced or support collars are installed as needed” — suggests the condo’s engineer is concerned about punching shear, a dangerous failure that happens when the column suddenly pokes through the slab, as happened on the pool deck at Champlain South. (The photos of Champlain North do not show shoring around columns supporting the pool deck.)
No permit was pulled before shoring began, Surfside records show. Surfside spokesperson Malarie Dauginikas said in a statement the town was aware of the “precautionary, pro-active shoring being done at Champlain Towers North” and that the activity was approved by the town building official.
Dauginikas also said that a permit should be required for shoring to be placed, but, in this case, the application process was pending.
On Monday, Jim McGuinness, Surfside building official, said in a statement that he authorized the shoring but gave no further explanation about why it was necessary.
Dauginikas said leaders from Champlain Towers North “personally visited the town and made a verbal request to install the shoring.”
“The shoring was authorized under the Florida Building Code and granted via verbal request,” she said.
The building’s 40-year recertification was due Dec. 28, 2021, but Dauginikas said the town granted it a 90-day extension.
“Shoring is just a way to further ensure the safety of the building,” said Lusky, the condo board president. Although he said he didn’t know specifics, Lusky said he is confident the building is safe and expects to receive a full engineering report within two weeks that will detail any necessary repairs.
Politicians expressed concerns about Champlain North in the immediate aftermath of the collapse of its sister tower.
Surfside Mayor Charles Burkett wrote to Daniella Levine Cava, his Miami-Dade counterpart, on July 23, expressing the town’s urgent need to investigate the collapse site “given there is a sister building, Champlain Towers North, that is substantially the same building.” He called the situation an “emergency.”
In an interview Friday, Kilsheimer said the primary purpose of his visits to Champlain North was to use the condo as a testing ground to collect clues about what could have gone wrong at the sister building as he waited for access to the collapse site. He clarified that he never inspected Champlain North for safety and is not involved in its recertification process. But he said he would have reported any obvious signs of danger.
“From the exposed and visible conditions, I saw nothing that bothered me,” Kilsheimer said. But without a complete engineering report, he said he could not give a full assessment of Champlain North’s conditions. He said he made the limitations of his visits clear to representatives of the condo at the time.
“I said what I said. If you look at my reports, that is what I said,” Kilsheimer said.
“I knew I was talking to people that didn’t necessarily understand engineering construction so I made it as clear as possible,” he said.
Although Kilsheimer mentioned various activities, including scans and core sampling, the reports obtained by the Herald through a public records request provided no analysis of the structure or its safety.
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(Miami Herald investigative reporter Nicholas Nehamas contributed to this story.)
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