In 2024, South Korea experienced a notable increase in the number of babies born, marking the first rise in nine years. According to the country's statistics agency, 238,300 babies were born last year, reflecting a positive change of 8,300 births compared to the previous year. The fertility rate in South Korea, which measures the average number of babies born to each woman in their reproductive years, saw an increase from 0.72 in 2023 to 0.75 in 2024.
This upturn in birth rates is seen as a significant development by experts, who are cautiously optimistic about the trend. They emphasize the need to monitor future data to determine whether this increase is a temporary fluctuation or a result of more permanent structural changes in society.
Factors contributing to the rise in births include a surge in marriages among couples who postponed weddings during the COVID-19 pandemic and a growing number of individuals entering their early 30s. Additionally, a government survey revealed a slight uptick in the desire to have children after marriage among young people.
South Korea has grappled with having the lowest fertility rate among developed nations, posing serious demographic challenges for its economy. The government has implemented various financial incentives and support programs to encourage childbirth, recognizing the potential impact of labor shortages and increased welfare spending.
However, addressing the root causes of low birth rates remains complex, as young people face multiple obstacles to starting families. Issues such as expensive housing, limited social mobility, high costs of child-rearing and education, and societal expectations on women regarding childcare all contribute to the reluctance to have children.
While experts anticipate a continued increase in the fertility rate in the short term, uncertainties persist regarding the long-term trajectory. Post-pandemic adjustments in marriage patterns and demographic shifts, including a decline in the number of individuals in their early 30s, could influence future birth rates.
Some experts advocate for targeted support for young couples who aspire to have children, suggesting that tailored interventions may be more effective than broad initiatives aimed at addressing broader societal issues. By assisting those with a strong desire for family life, experts believe that South Korea can mitigate the steep decline in fertility rates and promote sustainable population growth.
