Rwanda-backed rebels have made significant advances in Congo's mineral-rich east, capturing two key cities in less than a month. The M23 rebels, supported by thousands of troops from Rwanda, first seized Goma and then Bukavu, escalating their long-standing conflict against Congolese forces.
Who are the rebels and what do they want?
M23 is primarily composed of ethnic Tutsis who failed to integrate into the Congolese army. The group claims to defend ethnic Tutsis and Congolese of Rwandan origin from discrimination. Critics argue that their campaign is a pretext for gaining economic and political influence in eastern Congo.
How have they managed to capture more ground?
The rebels faced intense fighting in Goma but encountered little resistance in Bukavu, with Congolese forces reportedly fleeing. The International Crisis Group suggests that the timing of M23's recent advances may be due to limited resistance and favorable conditions.
What is being done to resolve the conflict?
The international community has called for dialogue and a ceasefire but has not exerted significant financial or diplomatic pressure on Rwanda. African leaders have urged for a ceasefire but did not demand the rebels to withdraw from Goma. Observers note the lack of international pressure on Rwanda due to historical guilt and Rwanda's growing influence.
Could this escalate into regional warfare?
The conflict has regional implications, involving Congo's neighboring countries. Concerns about a regional confrontation are heightened by past conflicts over mineral resources. The risk of escalation beyond Congo is a significant concern, given the history of conflicts in the region.
What is Congo's government doing?
President Tshisekedi has vowed to fight back and called for international action against Rwanda. While open to talks, Congo insists they must align with previous peace agreements. M23 aims for political power, citing corruption and governance issues in areas under their control, and expresses willingness to engage in dialogue and enforce a ceasefire.
