Dozens of prominent oligarchs have been punished by western governments in retaliation over the invasion of Ukraine.
However, the UK government has been accused of lagging behind its allies in taking action. Here are the Russian business leaders designated so far in the UK, US and EU. The list includes individuals hit by sanctions in recent days, along with those added since the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014.
UK
Roman Abramovich
The Chelsea football club owner and oligarch has a portfolio of luxury properties, artwork, cars, private jets and superyachts across the globe. He amassed his estimated fortune of £9.4bn through oil and metals in the 1990s and early 2000s and has stakes in steel giant Evraz and Norilsk Nickel. He was hit with sanctions by the UK for his alleged “close relationship for decades” with Putin.
Denis Bortnikov
The deputy president of state-owned VTB – , Russia’s second-largest bank, he is the son of Alexander Bortnikov, the director of the Federal Security Service, the successor to the KGB.
Oleg Deripaska
The founder of Basic Element, one of Russia’s largest industrial groups, has also been subject to US sanctions since 2018, a move he has taken legal action to challenge. He was the president of the Russian energy company EN+ Group and until 2018 headed United Company RUSAL, the second-largest aluminium company in the world.
Petr Fradkov
The chair and chief executive of Promsvyazbank is also the son of Mikhail Fradkov, a former prime minister of Russia and former director of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service.
Elena Georgieva
The chair of Novikombank, a subsidiary of the major Russian state-backed defence business Rostec.
Andrey Kostin
The president and chair of state-owned VTB and a member of the supreme council of the United Russia political party.
Dmitri Lebedev
Lebedev chairs the board of directors of the privately-owned Bank Rossiya. The UK government imposed an asset freeze on Rossiya, which it said is “widely considered to be the Kremlin’s private bank”, on 22 February.
Alexei Miller
Chairs the management committee of the Russian energy firm Gazprom.
Boris Rotenberg
A co-owner of SMP Bank, which is linked to the energy firm Gazprom, he is described as having “close personal ties” to Putin, a friend since childhood when they trained in judo together.
Igor Rotenberg
A nephew of Boris who also has close ties to Putin. He controls transport businesses and has also been linked to Gazprom.
Igor Sechin
Sechin has risen from an early role as Putin’s secretary to become chief executive of the state-owned oil firm Rosneft, the world’s biggest publicly listed oil company. He was Russia’s deputy prime minister from 2008 until 2012.
Kirill Shamalov
At 39 he is Russia’s youngest billionaire and Putin’s former son-in-law. The son of Nikolai Shamalov, a major shareholder in Rossiya bank, he made his money from petrochemicals is a shareholder and director of the petrochemical firm Sibur.
Igor Shuvalov
He owns two luxury apartments in central London worth an estimated £11m. He is head of Vnesheconombank, which has been a key source of funding for Kremlin priorities. He faces a full asset freeze and travel ban and no British citizen or business can deal with him.
Yuri Slyusar
The head of United Aircraft Corporation, a major supplier to Russia’s military and a key figure in its defence sector.
Gennady Timchenko
The 69-year-old billionaire friend of Putin owns the private investment firm Volga Group, which has holdings in energy, transport, infrastructure and financial services.
Nikolai Tokarev
Tokarev, president of the Russian state-owned pipeline company Transneft, is a long-time associate of Putin. Tokarev and Putin served as KGB agents together in Dresden, east Germany, in the 1980s.
Alisher Usmanov
A leading Russian oligarch, he has had significant interests in English football clubs – in 2018 he sold his stake in Arsenal, while on Wednesday Everton moved to suspend all sponsorship deals with his USM Holdings company. Usmanov owns a lavish property portfolio in the UK, is a shareholder in iron ore and steel group Metalloinvest, and also operates in the media and internet sectors.
US
Vladimir Bogdanov
The director general and vice-chair of the board of directors at Surgutneftegas, an oil company operating in Russia. He has been subject to UK sanctions since 2018.
Sergei Chemezo
The chief executive of the major Russian state-backed defence business Rostec.
Sergei Ivanov
The chief executive of Russian state-owned diamond mining company Alrosa and a board member of Gazprombank, he is the son of Sergei Borisovich Ivanov, reportedly one of Putin’s closest allies and former chief of staff of the presidential executive office.
Suleiman Kerimov
A trained economist, the billionaire oligarch also represents the Republic of Dagestan in Russia’s federation council, or senate. He is believed to have a large stake in Russia’s biggest gold producer, Polyus.
Vladimir Kiriyenko
The chief executive of VK Group, parent company of Russia’s top social media platform, VKontakte The US had already imposed sanctions on his father, Sergei Kiriyenko, who serves as first deputy chief of staff of the presidential office and is said to be Putin’s “domestic policy curator”.
Andrey Patrushev
He served in leadership roles at Gazprom Neft, a subsidiary of the state oil firm, and is employed in Russia’s energy sector. He is the son of Nikolai Patrushev, secretary of the security council of Russia, who came under US sanctions in February.
Yevgeny Prigozhin
Nicknamed “Putin’s chef” because of the restaurant business in which he made his fortune, Prigozhin’s interests now include a notorious internet “troll factory” in St Petersburg, known as the Internet Research Agency.
Andrey Puchkov
A high-ranking VTB bank executive.
Arkady Rotenberg
The father of Igor Rotenberg and brother of Boris, he has known Putin since childhood. With Boris, he was co-owner of the Stroygazmontazh, the largest construction company for gas pipelines and power supply lines in Russia. Sanctions were imposed on him in March 2014.
Ivan Sechin
Son of Igor Sechin, he is chief executive of Rosneft.
Andrei Skoch
The Russian billionaire steel magnate has been a member of the State Duma since 1999 and represents the United Russia party.
Yuri Soloviev
A high-ranking VTB Bank executive.
Alexander Aleksandrovich Vedyakhin
The first deputy chair of the executive board of majority-state-owned Sberbank, Russia’s biggest lender.
Viktor Vekselberg
The Ukrainian-born Russian billionaire is the owner and president of Renova Group, a Russian conglomerate.
Also under sanctions
Like the UK, the US has also put sanctions on Denis Bortnikov, Oleg Deripaska, Petr Fradkov, Andrey Kostin, Alexei Miller, Boris Rotenberg, Igor Sechin, Kirill Shamalov, Igor Shuvalov, Gennady Timchenko, Nikolay Tokarev and Alisher Usmanov. See entries under UK sanctions for details.
EU
Petr Aven
A major shareholder in Alfa-Bank, Russia’s largest commercial bank, he is also a member of the board of directors on the investment business, LetterOne Group (L1).
Mikhail Fridman
The Ukrainian-born Russian businessman is co-founder of LetterOne and also co-founded Alfa-Group, one of Russia’s largest privately owned investment groups.
Dmitry Grigorenko
The deputy prime minister and chief of the government staff also chairs the supervisory council of VTB bank. As a former director of the Russian tax service, he set up a new tax system in the Crimean peninsula of Ukraine after its annexation.
Vladimir Kiriyenko
Chief executive of VK Company Limited, a Russian internet company.
Dmitry Konov
Chairman of the management board of PJSC SIBUR Holding, Russia’s largest integrated petrochemicals company.
Andrey Guryev
Chief executive and the chairman of the management board of PJSC PhosAgro, a fertiliser company.
Konstantin Knyrik
Said by the EU to be a pro-Russian activist running MediaGroup News Front Ltd, a news website registered in the illegally annexed Crimea, he is also chief of the Crimean division of the pro-Kremlin Rodina party.
Modest Kolerov
The co-founder and editor in chief of the Regnum portal, which the EU says he has used “to spread aggressive and biased propagandist narratives against Ukraine, and to promote a positive attitude to the annexation of Crimea and the actions of separatists in Donbas. He often depicted Ukraine as fascist or neo-Nazi country.”
Sergey Kulikov
Chairman of the board of management company Rusnano LLC and member of the board of directors of Rusnano JSC, as well as the first deputy chairman of the board of the Military Industrial Commission.
Dmitry Mazepin
The owner and chief executive of the mineral fertiliser company Uralchem.
Nikita Mazepin
A Formula 1 racing driver who is the son of Dmitry Mazepin, above.
Andrey Melnichenko
An industrialist who owns the major fertiliser producer EuroChem Group and coal company SUEK.
Alexei Mordashov
Russia’s richest person, he is a close friend of Putin, owns a third of Europe’s biggest tour operator TUI and is its largest single shareholder. He is chair of the private investment firm Severgroup.
Vadim Moschkovich
Founder of the Rusagro Group, which is a major producer of pork, fats and sugar.
Mikhail Oseevsky
The president of PJSC Rostelecom, Russia’s largest provider of digital services and solutions.
Mikhail Poluboyarinov
Chief executive of the Russian airline OJSC Aeroflot.
Alexander Ponomarenko
Made his fortune in banking, sea ports, commercial real estate and airport construction, he is chair of the board of Moscow’s Sheremetyevo airport.
Violetta Prigozhina
Mother of Yevgeny Prigozhin and owner of Concord Management and Consulting LLC, which belongs to the Concord group, founded and owned until 2019 by her son.
Lyubov Prigozhina
Prigozhin’s wife and owner of Agat LLC, a subsidiary of Concord Management and Consulting LLC.
Dmitry Pumpyansky
Chairman of the board of directors of PJSC Pipe Metallurgic Company, a Russian manufacturer of steel pipes for the oil and gas industry, and the president and board member of the investment company Sinara Group.
Alexander Pumpyansky
Son of Dmitry Pumpyansky, above.
Galina Pumpyansky
Chairwoman of the board of trustees of BF Sinara, a foundation that acts as operator of charitable activities of large companies, including PJSC Pipe Metallurgical Company. She is the wife of Dmitry Pumpyansky, above.
Maxim Reshetnikov
The minister of economic development and member of the supervisory council of the VTB bank.
Sergei Roldugin
A former principal cellist of the Kirov Opera Theatre’s orchestra, he is godfather to Putin’s eldest daughter, Maria. Described by the EU as “part of Putin’s network financial scheme”.
Alexander Vinokurov
A businessman with leadership positions in the investment company Maraton Group and Magnit, the biggest Russian food retailer. He is married to Ekaterina Sergeevna Vinokurova, daughter of Russia’s foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov.
Also under sanctions
Like both the UK and US, the EU has also put sanctions on Denis Bortnikov, Petr Fradkov, Andrey Kostin, Igor Sechin, Igor Shuvalov, Gennady Timchenko, Nikolay Tokarev and Alisher Usmanov. See entries under UK sanctions for details. It has also placed penalties on Yevgeny Prigozhin, see entry under US sanctions for details.
