Russian forces have launched an all-out assault to encircle Ukrainian troops in twin cities straddling a river in eastern Ukraine on Tuesday, a battle which could determine the success or failure of Moscow’s main campaign in the east.
Exactly three months after Russian President Vladimir Putin invaded Ukraine, authorities in its second-largest city Kharkiv reopened the underground metro, where thousands of civilians had sheltered for months under relentless bombardment.
The reopening was evidence of Ukraine’s biggest military success over the past few weeks: pushing Russian forces largely out of artillery range of Kharkiv, as they did from the capital Kyiv in March.
But the decisive battles of the war’s latest phase are still raging further south, where Moscow is attempting to seize Donetsk and Luhansk, two eastern cities in the Donbas region, and trap Ukrainian forces in a pocket on the main eastern front.
The easternmost part of the Ukrainian-held Donbas pocket, the city of Sievierodonetsk on the east bank of the Siverskiy Donets river and Lysychansk on the west, have become the pivotal battlefield there, with Russian forces advancing from three directions.
“The enemy has focused its efforts on carrying out an offensive in order to encircle Lysychansk and Sievierodonetsk,” said Serhiy Gaidai, governor of Luhansk province, where the two cities are among the last territories still held by Ukraine.
“The intensity of fire on Sievierodonetsk has increased by multiple times, they are simply destroying the city,” he said, adding there were about 15,000 people in the city.
Reuters journalists in the Donbas, who reached Bakhmut further west, heard and saw intense shelling on the highway towards Lysychansk on Monday. Ukrainian armoured vehicles, tanks and rocket launchers were moving towards the front lines, with and buses carrying soldiers.
Further west in Slovyansk, one of the biggest Donbas cities still in Ukrainian hands, air raid sirens were heard on Tuesday morning but streets were still busy, with a market full, children riding bikes and a street musician playing violin by a supermarket.
Two empty buses were driving towards the frontline town of Lyman to evacuate civilians from heavy shelling there, escorted by police and a military car.
Gaidai said Ukrainian forces had driven the Russians out of the village of Toshkivka just south of Sievierodonetsk. Russian-backed separatists said they had taken control of Svitlodarsk, south of Bakhmut. Neither report could be independently confirmed.
‘Who will bury them?’
Three months into a war that some Western experts predicted Russia would win within days, Moscow still has only limited gains to show for its worst military losses in decades, while much of Ukraine has suffered devastation. Around 6.5 million people have fled abroad, uncounted thousands have been killed and cities have been reduced to rubble.
In Kharkiv, hundreds of people were still living underground in trains and stations when the authorities asked them to make way on Tuesday so metro service could resume.
In one station, a few people were moving out, while others sat on makeshift beds or stood with possessions and pets. One man slept on a mattress on a concrete floor as an announcement urged people to go home or move onto platforms to free trains.
“Everyone is crazily scared, because there is still shelling, the rocket attacks haven’t been stopped,” said Nataliia Lopanska, who had lived in a metro train below ground for almost the entire duration of the war.
Comments by senior Russian officials on Tuesday suggested plans for a drawn-out conflict ahead. Defence minister Sergei Shoigu said Russia was deliberately advancing slowly to avoid civilian casualties. Nikolai Patrushev, head of Putin’s security council, said Moscow was not “chasing deadlines” and would fight as long as necessary to eradicate Nazism in Ukraine, a justification for the war that the west calls baseless.
The escalation in the Donbas region follows Russia’s biggest victory in months: the surrender last week of Ukraine’s garrison in the port of Mariupol after nearly three months of siege in which tens of thousands of civilians are thought to have died.
Petro Andryushchenko, an aide to Mariupol’s Ukrainian mayor now operating outside the Russian-held city, said the dead were still being found in the rubble.
Around 200 decomposing bodies were found buried in rubble in a basement of one high-rise building, he said. Locals had refused to collect them and Russian authorities had abandoned the site.
Ukrainian foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba tweeted that the “ruthless” offensive in Donbas showed Ukraine still needed more western arms, especially multiple launch rocket systems, long-range artillery and armoured vehicles.
In neighbouring Moldova, investigators searched the office and home of pro-Russian former president Igor Dodon.
Local media reported the searches were in connection with an investigation into alleged corruption and treason. Dodon’s Socialist Party said accusations against him were baseless.
In Russia itself, where criticism of the war is banned and independent media has been shut, jailed opposition leader Alexei Navalny used a court appearance by video link from a prison colony to denounce the “stupid war which your Putin started”.
“One madman has got his claws into Ukraine and I do not know what he wants to do with it – this crazy thief,” Navalny said.
At a cemetery outside Mariupol, treading through long rows of fresh graves and makeshift wooden crosses, Natalya Voloshina, who lost her 28-year-old son in the fight for the city, said many of Mariupol’s dead had no one left to honour their memory.
“Who will bury them? Who will put up a plaque?” she asked.
“They have no family.”
