Russia is stepping up its efforts to build substantial obstacle barriers to slow the advance of Ukrainian forces in key locations it is defending, including around the devastated city of Mariupol, the UK Ministry of Defence has said.
Its intelligence assessment on Tuesday said the Russian military was using two plants in occupied Mariupol to produce large numbers of “dragon’s teeth” – pyramidal concrete blocks designed to slow advancing military vehicles.
(1/5) Russia has started constructing defensive structures around the occupied southern Ukrainian city of Mariupol. Two plants are producing concrete pyramidal anti-tank structures, known as dragon’s teeth, for this purpose.
— Ministry of Defence 🇬🇧 (@DefenceHQ) November 8, 2022
The production and placement of the blocks in conjunction with razor wire and mines is the latest indication of how Russia’s struggling forces are increasingly attempting to transition to more defensive warfare, not least on the key southern Kherson front on the east bank of the Dneiper River.
“Dragon’s teeth have likely been installed between Mariupol and Nikolske village; and from northern Mariupol to Staryi Krym village. Mariupol forms part of Russia’s ‘land bridge’ from Russia to Crimea, a key logistics line of communication. Dragon’s teeth have additionally been sent for the preparation of defensive fortifications in occupied Zaporizhzhia and Kherson,” the intelligence assessment said.
“This activity suggests Russia is making a significant effort to prepare defences in depth behind their current frontline, likely to forestall any rapid Ukrainian advances in the event of breakthroughs.”
The Institute for the Study of War thinktank also noted the continuing efforts by Russia to improve its defences in the south. “Geolocated satellite imagery from 29 October, 3 November and 4 November shows Russian defensive lines in Kakhovka, 43 miles (70km) east of Kherson city, Hola Prystan, 5 miles south-west of Kherson city, and Ivanivka, 37 miles south-west of Kherson city – all of which lie on the east bank of the Dneiper River,” it said.
Typically used in conjunction with natural features, obstacle barriers are used to slow and block approaching enemy forces, and redirect them towards locations where they can be engaged.
Their deployment is part of the toolkit of many militaries, and experts point out that for them to be useful requires skilful placement of the barriers, as well as both effective observation and placement of artillery systems to guard them.
Retired Australian general Mick Ryan said the increasing Russian efforts to place obstacle barriers could reflect both military and domestic political needs.
Again we see reports of more extensive obstacle belts being constructed by the Russians in occupied #Ukraine. This tells us a few things - a thread on the political and military utility of these obstacles. 1/19 🧵 https://t.co/S7N4MfqnPG
— Mick Ryan, AM (@WarintheFuture) November 8, 2022
“First, the construction on these obstacle belts demonstrates the political importance of the areas where they are being installed.
[…] An important point to note is that given the coming influx into Ukraine of large numbers of poorly trained, recently mobilised troops, the Russians probably believe they can substitute training for physical obstacles on the battlefield,” he tweeted.
“The big question in Ukraine is whether these obstacles have been designed and placed primarily for their military effect, or if they are purely there for a political narrative back in Russia.”
The MoD’s latest update came as Ukraine’s prime minister Denys Shmyhal said on Tuesday he saw no need at present to evacuate Kyiv or any other cities that are not near the front lines in the war against Russia.
He made his comments at a cabinet meeting following Russian attacks on Ukraine’s energy system, and after the mayor of Kyiv told residents to consider everything including a worst-case scenario where the capital loses power and water completely.
“Right now, the situation is far from (needing to) announce an evacuation,” Shmyhal said. “We must say that to announce the evacuation of any city not near the front lines, especially the capital, would not make any sense at present.”
The focus on Russia’s improvement of its defences came as Kremlin-installed authorities in Ukraine’s southern region of Kherson said that power had been fully restored to its main city, after blaming Kyiv for attacks that disrupted water and electricity supplies.
Kherson city was the first urban hub to be captured by Russia after Moscow announced its “special military operation” in February and it has suffered outages after strikes on Sunday for which Moscow and Kyiv have traded blame.
“There is electricity, despite sabotage and attacks,” Kirill Stremousov, the Russian-appointed deputy head of the Kherson region, said on social media.
Ukraine troops have been pushing closer towards the city in recent months and its capture by Kyiv would be a significant defeat for Moscow.
The news on Sunday of the outages followed reports from Russian officials that the Kakhovka dam, also in Kherson, had been damaged by a Ukrainian strike.
The dam supplies the Crimean peninsula, which Moscow annexed in 2014 and was used as a launch pad for the beginning of the campaign in Ukraine.
Separately, the Russian security services (FSB) announced the arrest of nine members of an “intelligence and sabotage group” of Ukraine’s forces.
The FSB in a statement accused the group of having planned attacks against senior Russian-installed officials working in Kherson.
Explosives, grenades, ammunition and a car bomb were seized during the arrests and an investigation into “international terrorism” was opened, the FSB said.
As Ukraine presses a counteroffensive in the south, Moscow’s forces have said they are turning Kherson into a “fortress”.
They have for weeks organised a civilian pullout from the Kherson region as Ukrainian troops advance, which Kyiv labels “deportations”.
