Three men who were holding up numbers rating female joggers out of 10 as they ran past on a public beach have been called out by a woman who filmed the encounter.
Elizabeth was running on the beach in Scarborough on Saturday when she saw the men sitting on deck chairs and holding up little whiteboards as women ran past.
She said they were also yelling and whistling.
"It took me a second to realise they were actually rating me and other women who ran by out of 10," she said.
"I stewed on it for the rest of the run because I didn't really take it all in at the time.
"And then on the way back they did it again, gave me another rating out of 10."
'I wasn't going to stand for that'
Elizabeth said she was initially shocked.
"When you see something like that, that makes you feel small and scared, you sort of want to laugh it off to make everyone feel comfortable, but then I got angrier and angrier as I ran along," she said.
"Then on the way back I decided I wasn't going to stand for that and so I decided to say something.
"Because I thought about friends, and my sisters and other women who might not ever want to go for a run again after feeling so scared and embarrassed by these guys, and I just didn't want it to happen to other people."
She took out her phone and started filming, and called out to them: "Do you know how uncomfortable that makes people feel?"
One of the men hid his face behind the whiteboard.
"Do your workplaces and families mind sexists?" she said, to which one of the men shouted "Yeah the boys" as he pumped his arms in the air, adding "I'm a feminist."
Elizabeth said she would have felt disappointed in herself if she just ran past and ignored the behaviour.
"But I think this behaviour needs to get called out because I don't think these guys know what they're doing makes people feel uncomfortable, I think they need to hear that from us," she said.
"Otherwise it'll just continue."
Men must call each other out
She also said it was important for men to confront their peers over these kinds of incidents.
"Men like these who can yell at women and treat them like trash probably aren't going to get the message from women," she said.
"They probably need to hear it from their peers.
RMIT Professor Nicola Henry said gender inequality shaped this kind of behaviour.
"These behaviours exist on a continuum," she said.
"A woman across her lifetime will experience many instances of sexual and street harassment.
"But she might also experience a sexual assault, or numerous sexual assaults ... online abuse ... images being taken and shared without her consent ... coercive control and domestic violence.
"We can't think about these behaviours in isolation, we have to think about them across the spectrum."
Professor Henry, an expert on legal and preventative responses to sexual violence and harassment, said some people would argue for laws against street harassment such as wolf-whistling and verbal abuse.
Teach consent and respect
But Professor Henry said a focus was needed on education and prevention.
"A lot of our resources should be focused on trying to ensure that we really start to tackle those problematic attitudes and behaviours that can start from a very young age and can be reinforced by popular messages in the public domain, whether that's film or television.
"I think we're starting to see some kind of shift in terms of representations of masculinity and femininity in that space, but there's still so much work that needs to be done to address those problematic attitudes."
She said it was also important to investigate the role of group dynamics in harassment.
"A lot of the time ... this is about the kind of validation within the group, and it might be about impressing peers," she said.
"I think that's, again, why we need to focus on addressing some of those group norms and having good positive male role leaders, like sporting heroes for instance, or other prominent men who are in the public eye, to try and set the example for other men and other boys."
