People who let out their homes to holidaymakers could be forced to apply for planning permission under new plans.
The Government is weighing up the move amid fears people are being pushed out of tourist hotspots by people using their homes on sites such as Airbnb.
The Government has said it will consult on the change and on another proposal for a registration scheme for short-term holiday lets.
Tory minister Michael Gove said short-term lets are leading to locals being pushed out of "cherished towns, cities and villages."
Airbnb welcomed the move - but said any changes need to strike a balance so they don't penalise "everyday families who let their space to help afford their home".
The Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities said it will consult on requiring planning permission for an existing home to start to be used as a short term let.
It is also looking at whether to give owners flexibility to let out their home for a maximum number of nights a year without the need for such permission.
Communities Secretary Michael Gove said: "Tourism brings many benefits to our economy but in too many communities we have seen local people pushed out of cherished towns, cities and villages by huge numbers of short-term lets.
"I'm determined that we ensure that more people have access to local homes at affordable prices, and that we prioritise families desperate to rent or buy a home of their own close to where they work.
"I have listened to representations from MPs in tourist hot spots and am pleased to launch this consultation to introduce a requirement for planning permissions for short term lets."
The Government said councils could choose not to use the planning controls, and that they would only apply in England.
It said the register is being introduced through the Levelling Up and Regeneration Bill currently going through Parliament.
The planning changes would be introduced through further legislation later this year.
Culture Secretary Lucy Frazer said: "This new world of ultra-flexible short term lets gives tourists more choice than ever before, but it should not come at the expense of local people being able to own their own home and stay local.
"The Government wants to help areas get the balance right, and today we have an incomplete picture of the size and spread of our short term lets market.
"This consultation on a national registration scheme will give us the data we need to assess the position and enable us to address the concerns communities face."
Theo Lomas, head of public policy and government relations for northern Europe at Airbnb, said: "Airbnb has long called for a national register for short-term lets and we welcome the Government taking this forward.
"We know that registers are clear and simple for everyday hosts to follow while giving authorities the information they need to regulate effectively.
"The vast majority of UK hosts share one home, and almost four in 10 say the earnings help them afford the rising cost of living.
"We want to work with the Government to ensure that any planning interventions are carefully considered, evidence-based, and strike a balance between protecting housing and supporting everyday families who let their space to help afford their home and keep pace with rising living costs."
