Standing in a makeshift salon on the side of a dusty backstreet in Democratic Republic of Congo capital Kinshasa Papy Kalume pulled a fresh razor out of his bag.
The 47-year-old barber placed the "Gillette" -- as it is commonly called by street hairdressers in the city -- against the back of a customer's head and began to shave.
Kalume is one of thousands trying to make ends meet with an off-the-books job in a country which, according to official figures, has nearly 50 percent unemployment.
It only took him a few minutes for him to finish.
But Kalume, like many street barbers, has spent years perfecting his technique on neighbourhood children and relatives.
"You have to master the blade to style hair well," Kalume told AFP.
"The Gillette can easily injure (someone)," he added.
Brushing any stray hairs from around the customer's neck and shoulders he finished the cut.
Clients are then treated to a spray of disinfectant on the back of the head and neck to treat any accidental cuts, then a slap of talcum powder.
Dozens of men come into Kalume's makeshift salon every day, sitting on an office chair so dilapidated only the seat and metal frame remain, in front of a cracked mirror.
The haircut costs the equivalent of 70 cents (US $0.70, 2,000 Congolese francs).
"We earn the bread that God gives us," said Kalume.
In a hair salon a few blocks away it cost almost 30 times more for a haircut.
But that salon is often deserted.
Kalume is just one of thousands of Congolese people with an unofficial job.
In the same neighbourhood of Kinshasa where he works, teenage shoe-shiners can be heard tapping their wooden brushes to attract customers.
Coffee sellers push carts topped with flasks through bumpy streets. Men weave through cars on busy roads selling water to thirsty drivers.
Nearly half of the population is unemployed in DRC, according to the planning ministry.
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The informal sector accounted for an estimated 41.8 percent of DRC's GDP in 2022, said a study from the South Africa-based Institute for Security Studies (ISS) published in May.
This was the third highest in Africa after Zimbabwe and Tanzania, whose informal sectors made up 54.5 percent and 45.6 percent of GDP in 2022 respectively.
Kalume did work "officially" for a few years in a regular salon.
But he found it would be more profitable to set up his own business, even if it does come with some disadvantages.
"In the street we are exposed to bad weather, rain," said Kalume, whose salon is open from 6:00 am to 5:00 pm, Monday to Saturday.
He is also has to pay off the police for so-called infringements: these "tips" -- often referred to as "hassles" or "tracasseries" in French -- are commonplace.
He also has to pay a few bucks to avoid being evicted from the sidewalk where he works.
"It's a pirate market," he said with a sigh.
