On a rainy day this past spring, about 100 mothers and some children gathered in Brighton Park on the city’s Southwest Side to protest teacher layoffs at their Chicago public schools.
Betzabel Laredo, a mother of a middle schooler, was among them.
“How is it possible that, after living through a pandemic, living through traumas and losses, CPS, instead of supporting our children and improving the quality of the education, CPS cuts it?” Laredo asked in Spanish.
Despite an influx of federal COVID relief funds, to the protesters, some of Chicago’s schools are undergoing a death by a thousand cuts. Meanwhile, Mayor Lori Lightfoot’s appointed CEO argued these schools had fewer students and were overstaffed compared to other Chicago public schools. With a limited budget, the school district had little choice but to cut, he said.
Whoever becomes the next mayor will have to answer this among many questions about the future of Chicago public education: What should be done with under-enrolled schools as the district’s population shrinks?
Chicago’s next mayor will be responsible for relinquishing control to a partially elected school board. A state moratorium put in place in 2021 on school closings will lift in 2025. And many want City Hall to repair its relationship with the powerful Chicago Teachers Union after years of tumult.
Voters on Feb. 28 face a long list of candidates for Chicago mayor, some with vastly different views on public schools, and longstanding history, for better or worse, with the district.
Only one of the nine candidates for mayor is pitching drastic changes to CPS, that being Paul Vallas. He’s pledging to boost publicly funded, privately-run charter schools. In recent years, charter schools have fallen out of favor with the mayor and the Board of Education, and there’s opposition from the CTU.
Vallas was chief executive officer of Chicago Public Schools in the late 1990s and then ran three other public school systems. Back in 2001, Jesús “Chuy” García, now a congressman, was running Enlace, a Little Village organization that led a hunger strike to compel Vallas to build a high school in the community.
Cook County Commissioner Brandon Johnson was a teacher and is a longtime organizer for the CTU, which has endorsed him. State Rep. Kam Buckner is a CPS graduate.
Ald. Sophia King (4th) was a private school teacher. Ald. Roderick Sawyer (6th) recalls serving on a local school council. Community activist Ja’Mal Green attended Chicago Public Schools and has kids there now.
Under-enrollment
The CPS system is shrinking — it’s lost more than 100,000 students over the past two decades — and it’s facing a budget deficit projected to be as much as $600 million starting in 2026.
Twenty-two high schools currently have fewer than 250 students. And 95 elementary schools have fewer than 250 students, up from 45 schools in 2019.
Even before Lightfoot took office, there was a moratorium on school closings. But that expires in 2025, just as the first elected Board of Education members take office.
In response to a Chicago Sun-Times/WBEZ mayoral candidate questionnaire, Lightfoot and Garcia said they’re open to closing schools, but only as a last resort. Businessman Willie Wilson, Vallas, Sawyer and King say they support closing severely under-enrolled schools.
“Our most severely under-enrolled schools simply can’t carry on at these zombie institutions,” said Sawyer. “What kind of experience are these children getting?”
Buckner, Johnson and Green all oppose closing schools. Johnson noted that, historically, closing schools has not saved much money.
“Instead, they only make public education options fewer and less convenient for those who need them most,” Johnson wrote in part in a reply to the Sun-Times/WBEZ questionnaire.
King and other candidates say the real solution is to make neighborhoods more attractive, less crime-ridden, so families return.
In addition to saying her administration has invested in facility improvements and new academic programming at neighborhood schools, Lightfoot added that her INVEST South/West program and affordable housing program can help turn the tide in areas losing population.
Budgetary issues
The school district faces a $600 million deficit starting in 2026, and most of it has to do with structural problems, such as inadequate state funding, rising pension costs and debt payments, according to a recent analysis. The situation has been made worse under Lightfoot, who has shifted some education costs traditionally covered by the city onto CPS.
In recent years, structural deficits have been masked by an influx of more than $2 billion in federal COVID-19 relief funding, which CPS used to cover salaries, add social workers and nurses, as well as other supports for struggling students. That money will dry up within two years.
Most mayoral candidates say they will go the traditional route: lobby Springfield for more education funding. By the state’s own formula, the city’s school district only has about 75% of what it needs to provide an “adequate education.”
“We’ve got to get more money from Springfield, bottom line,” Lightfoot said at a forum earlier this month.
Other candidates have said Lightfoot is ill-equipped to do this lobbying. García and Buckner said their experience as lawmakers make them uniquely qualified.
“I know how the Legislature works, and I will be an effective negotiator for our city to bring more funds to CPS,” García said.
Vallas said he wants to know why CPS’ large budget — more than $9 billion last year — isn’t providing adequate education.
“Where’s the money going? … Do you see it in the classroom?” Vallas asked at a recent forum.
Shift to elected school board
Next year, Chicago voters will for the first time vote for 10 of 21 members to the Board of Education.
Lightfoot has said in the future, the school district must become financially independent and has already started the cost shifting. And though she said she supported an elected school board when she ran in 2019, Lightfoot now says an elected 21-member board is too big and the plan lacks campaign spending guardrails. She says she would still lobby to change the law.
Most of the other candidates say, despite the loss of control, the mayor would still be responsible for the city’s school district, and they would ensure its solvency.
Sawyer said he would look at floating bonds for CPS as it moves to more financial independence.
Relationship with the CTU
During Lightfoot’s term, many families in Chicago have become disillusioned by the discord between the mayor and the Chicago Teachers Union. Just months after she took office, the CTU went on strike. Then, the union and Lightfoot’s administration were at odds over returning to school during the pandemic.
Lightfoot has reiterated a common refrain that her “door is open” to work with the union.
CTU President Stacy Davis Gates recently said she appreciates that Lightfoot appointed CEO Pedro Martinez, who has made efforts, but said the union still has many issues with the mayor.
For some, Johnson’s tight relationship with the CTU might be a liability. When asked about that recently, he noted the elected school board will also be negotiating with the union.
Vallas may be the candidate who could face the most pushback from the CTU. The CTU is staunchly against privatization of public education, for example, while Vallas said he would be amenable to opening more charter schools.
Sarah Karp is an education reporter at WBEZ. Mariah Woelfel is a politics reporter at WBEZ. You can follow them @SSKedreporter and @MariahWoelfel.
