In March 2015, as they prepared to cast their votes in a landmark presidential election, Nigerians found themselves facing a choice between the devil and the deep blue sea: Goodluck Jonathan, the then-incumbent whose administration was corrupt and largely inept; and Muhammadu Buhari, an erstwhile dictator known for his ethnoreligious biases. Eventually, the voters decided Buhari - who had branded himself "a reformed democrat" and promised to fight corruption - is the lesser of the two evils and chose him as their next president.
After the election, Jonathan willingly conceded his defeat to Buhari, becoming the first sitting president in Nigeria to do so. Despite Buhari's flimsy democratic credentials, this peaceful transfer of power, coupled with the new president's initial successes in the fight against corruption, convinced many Nigerians that they had made the right choice. For a short while, many Nigerians believed that they may not be forced to choose "the lesser of the two evils" in future elections.
However, only four short years later, Nigerians preparing to head to the polls on Saturday once again found themselves between a rock and a hard place. This time the choice is between Buhari, whose time in power has only served to embellish his unsavoury reputation, and Atiku Abubakar, a former vice president whose campaign has been undermined by repeated allegations of corruption.
So, how did Africa's largest democracy end up here?
How Buhari disappointed Nigerians
Buhari's term as president started on a high note. He won himself numerous admirers by arresting and prosecuting several corrupt former public servants. Most prominently, only months after assuming power in May 2015, the Buhari administration ordered the arrest of former National Security Adviser Sambo Dasuki, who was accused of overseeing the frittering away of $2.1bn that should have gone into bolstering the army's arsenal against Boko Haram.
Back then, the public was optimistic about the new president's potential and the masses were willing to give the new administration some leeway to "fix things". Even a petrol price increase, which usually leads to nationwide protests, was largely accepted by Nigerians as a necessary move to help revive the country's ailing economy.
But soon things started to unravel.
It didn't take long before it became obvious that the Buhari administration's anti-corruption campaign was only targeting the opposition. Not only did the new president overlook criminal/corrupt elements in his government - including Babachir Lawal, Secretary to the Government of the Federation and Finance Minister Kemi Adeosun - his party, the All Progressives Congress, gleefully welcomed several opposition politicians facing corruption charges who chose to defect to the ruling party.
Moreover, when Buhari finally started to form his cabinet after six months in office, his choices made his suspected bias towards the north undeniable in the eyes of many Nigerians. On top of all this, the president failed to kick start Nigeria's failing economy during his time in power, with the Naira further depreciating, numerous companies folding up and unemployment reaching further heights.
Buhari's health problems also raised some questions about his fitness for office. The president spent 103 days of his first term receiving treatment in the UK. This could have been excused and forgotten as an extraordinary misfortune, but the 76-year-old continues to be betrayed by his frailty and senility to this day. He repeatedly makes mistakes, such as presenting party flags to the wrong candidates or mixing up the dates he came to power, which make him appear confused and powerless, affirming suspicions that he may not be "the real leader" of the Nigerian government. In December 2018, his wife Dr Aisha Buhari added fuel to these suspicions by claiming that the Buhari presidency has been highjacked by a cabal.
In most democracies, embattled incumbents like Buhari, who had failed on multiple fronts, do not expect to get a second term. However, Nigerian voters seem to be inclined towards choosing known devils over unknown angels, so the incumbent president is still a frontrunner in the upcoming presidential election. And the man being touted as the only real alternative to Buhari, former Vice President Atiku Abubakar, is another figurative "known devil" who comes with equally weighty baggage.
Corruption allegations looming over Atiku Abubakar
Unlike the worryingly drab and uninspiring Buhari - "lifeless" was US President Donald Trump's description - Atiku Abubakar is an engaging and inspiring politician. His interviews usually offer some interesting propositions, like solving the country's ongoing electricity problem using its coal deposits or increasing governmental efficiency by giving more power to states and local governments. Moreover, as a "successful" businessman, many believe Abubakar is well-placed to rebuild Nigeria's economy and reduce unemployment.
However, all these positive qualities are counter-balanced by a series of serious corruption allegations. Even Abubakar himself knows his reputation as a corrupt official is the biggest obstacle in front of his candidacy. When asked by the Cable in 2014 which "wrong impression" people have about him that he would love to correct, Abubakar admitted that he would like to change "the perception that [he] corruptly enriched [himself] during [his] tenure as vice president."
Abubakar has never been convicted of corruption, but he has been plagued by corruption allegations all his life - from his days as a young Nigeria Customs Service officer to recent years when he faced accusations of tax evasion.
Abubakar was a key figure in the 2009 bribery trial of a US congressman. Prosecutors said Abubakar, then Nigeria's vice president, was the intended recipient of a freezer full of cash that former representative William Jefferson believed would help secure telecommunications contracts to benefit his family.
In 2010, a US Senate subcommittee held up Abubakar as a prime example of overseas corruption for funnelling tens of millions of dollars' worth of Nigerian oil revenues into foreign shell accounts.
On top of all these corruption accusations, the opposition candidate's ongoing presidential campaign is being spearheaded by people accused of serious corruption. Gbenga Daniel, a former governor who is Abubakar's deputy campaign supremo in Nigeria's south, is still under trial for alleged corruption. Senate President Bukola Saraki, who was by Abubakar's side last month as he stepped on US soil for the first time in 12 years, has been implicated as the sponsor of a notorious robbery gang in his native state of Kwara in addition to facing several corruption accusations.
Not ready for fresh faces, new ideas
Clearly, neither Buhari nor Abubakar offers all-around hope for the long-suffering Nigerian masses. However, despite the availability of some credible alternatives - including activist Omoyele Sowore and economists Kingsley Moghalu and Tope Fasua - the only real contenders in the upcoming presidential race appears to be these two septuagenarians.
Nigerian voters' inexplicable reluctance to give a chance to fresh faces and new ideas is the main reason behind this hopeless dilemma; however, less experienced candidates who failed to enter the presidential race in time and convince the masses that they can stand up to seasoned politicians like Buhari and Abubakar also share some of the blame.
Nevertheless, it is now clear that Nigeria's democracy will be the main loser of Saturday's presidential election. Whoever wins the race will be scoring a victory not for the Nigerian people, but for their army of political and personal hangers-on.
The Nigerian people can expect to "win" in a presidential election only if they refuse to choose the "lesser evil" and commence the process of building a virile alternative political force.
For now, all we can do is to hope the next "lesser evil" does not harm the country further and postpone our dreams for a real democratic victory in Nigeria to 2023.
The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera's editorial stance.
