An extreme weather phenomenon known as the dzud has wreaked havoc in Mongolia this year, resulting in the death of over 7.1 million animals, which accounts for more than a tenth of the country's total livestock. Dzuds, characterized by a combination of prolonged droughts and severe snowy winters, are becoming increasingly harsh and frequent due to climate change. While primarily associated with Mongolia, dzuds also occur in other parts of Central Asia.
The impact of dzuds is particularly severe during the spring birthing season, leading to numerous deaths among malnourished female animals and their young. Herding plays a pivotal role in Mongolia's economy and culture, contributing to 80% of agricultural production and 11% of GDP.
Dzuds occur when heavy snowfall blankets Mongolia's vast grasslands, preventing animals from grazing and ultimately leading to starvation. The frequency of dzuds has escalated, with this year marking the sixth occurrence in the past decade, following a dzud last year and a dry summer. The toll on Mongolia's herds has been staggering, with millions of cattle, sheep, and goats succumbing to the harsh conditions.
The loss of livestock has dealt a severe blow to Mongolia's economic stability, pushing many herders into dire circumstances. The situation has been exacerbated by high costs for fuel, food, and fodder, leaving herders struggling to sustain their livelihoods.
Efforts to mitigate the impact of dzuds include early warning systems for natural disasters and measures to prevent overgrazing. International aid has been insufficient, with appeals falling short of targets. Mongolia faces the challenge of adapting to dzuds by enhancing weather forecasting and promoting income diversification among herders.
Despite the hardships, some herders have adopted innovative strategies to cope with dzuds. For instance, a camel herder in the Gobi Desert allowed her camels to roam freely, relying on their instincts to find pastures. Such adaptive measures are crucial for herders to withstand the recurring challenges posed by dzuds.
The devastating effects of dzuds underscore the urgent need for comprehensive support and sustainable solutions to safeguard Mongolia's livestock and herding communities in the face of climate change.
