Amazing video footage shows a tiny worm using electricity to jump onto a bumblebee.
Scientists say that, in nature, smaller animals often attach themselves to larger ones to “hitch a ride” and save energy traveling large distances.
In a new study, researchers show how microscopic Caenorhabditis elegans worms can use electric fields to “jump” across Petri plates or onto insects.
It allows them to glide through the air and attach themselves, for example, onto naturally charged bumblebee chauffeurs.
Study co-senior author Professor Takuma Sugi said: “Pollinators, such as insects and hummingbirds, are known to be electrically charged, and it is believed that pollen is attracted by the electric field formed by the pollinator and the plant.
“However, it was not completely clear whether electric fields are utilized for interactions between different terrestrial animals.”
The Japanese research team first began work on the project when they noticed that the worms they cultivated often ended up on the lids of Petri dishes, opposite to the agar they were placed on.
When they attached a camera to observe the behavior, they found that it was not just because worms were climbing up the walls of the dish. Instead, they were leaping from the floor of the plate to the ceiling.
Suspecting travel by electric field, the researchers placed worms on a glass electrode and found that they only leaped to another electrode once charge was applied.
Worms jumped at an average speed of 0.86 meters per second – similar to a human’s walking speed – which increased with electric field intensity.
The researchers then rubbed flower pollen on a bumblebee so that it could exhibit a natural electric charge.
Once close to the bees, worms stood on their tails, then jumped aboard.
Some worms even piled on top of each other and jumped in a single column, transferring 80 worms at once across the gap.
Sugi, of Hiroshima University, said: “Worms stand on their tail to reduce the surface energy between their body and the substrate, thus making it easier for themselves to attach to other passing objects.
“In a column, one worm lifts multiple worms, and this worm takes off to transfer across the electric field while carrying all the column worms.”
Sugi said C. elegans is known to attach to bugs and snails for a ride, but because they don’t carry electric fields well, they must make direct contact to do so.
C. elegans is also known to jump on winged insects, but it was not clear how the worms were traversing such a significant distance for their microscopic size.
Sugi added: “This research makes the connection that winged insects naturally accumulate charge as they fly, producing an electric field that C. elegans can travel along.
“It’s unclear exactly how C. elegans performs this behavior. The worms’ genetics might play a role.”
Researchers observed jumping in other worm species closely related to C. elegans, and they noted that mutants who are unable to sense electric fields jump less than their normal counterparts.
Sugi says more work is needed to determine exactly what genes are involved in making the jumps and whether other microorganisms can use electricity to jump as well.
Produced in association with SWNS Talker
Edited by Saba Fatima and Asad Ali
