Primary schools may not have enough space, facilities or staff to deliver the 100,000 new nursery places in England promised by the government, early childhood experts have warned.
Labour is under pressure to create enough capacity to fulfil its promise of 30 hours of free childcare a week for eligible parents of children from the age of nine months to three years from next September – a commitment inherited from the previous government.
The education secretary, Bridget Phillipson, last week announced that in the first phase of Labour’s plan, 300 new state nurseries would open in England by next September in primary schools with empty classrooms as a result of falling birthrates.
But experts have warned that the £15m capital funding for this phase may not be enough to cover the cost of preparing schools to accept these very young children.
With poorly paid staff hard to find and retain, and existing nurseries finding it hard to balance their books, they also questioned whether enough cash-strapped schools would want to step into early childcare.
Dr Aaron Bradbury, lecturer in early childhood at Nottingham Trent University, said: “You can’t just say: ‘I’ve got a free classroom – let’s turn it into a nursery.’ The space and the facilities you need are completely different.”
He said the idea of using primary schools was a reasonable one, but “it needs a much more thought-out plan”. He added: “A classroom has got 30 children sitting at tables, but two-year-olds are very different. They need space to develop and learn through play.”
Bradbury said that as well as facilities such as small-size toilets and a door into an outdoor play area not used by the older children, schools may end up spending thousands on adaptations such as moving windows lower down so that very small children can see out of them.
For children under two, schools would need a separate space for them to sleep in, kitchen facilities to sterilise bottles, toilets and a calm, quiet area to change nappies, he said.
Sue Cowley, an expert on behaviour in schools, who has co-run her local preschool for more than a decade, said: “I’m not sure schools will want to take nine-month-olds. The ratios of staff to children are really high, so it is tough to make the funding work, and it can be harder to find staff who only want to look after babies.”
Even with children of two years and older, some experts are saying empty classrooms will not be big enough. Cowley said: “For this age, you need lots of space for all the different areas of learning. For instance, inside, we have a sand tray, a climbing frame, a book corner where they sit to read, an art area and so on.”
Paul Whiteman, general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers union, said some schools had already been considering setting up nursery provision and would be pleased to get started, but stressed there needed to be “meaningful action to tackle the current workforce crisis the early years sector is facing” if these nurseries were to succeed.
A survey this summer by the Early Years Alliance, which represents 14,000 providers of care and education to under-fives in England, showed that nearly 80% of providers had found it difficult to recruit staff in the past year. More than six in 10 also reported that staff had left the sector entirely in the last six months.
Neil Leitch, the alliance’s chief executive, said: “I don’t recall a secretary of state ever saying: ‘My No 1 priority is early years,’ as Bridget Phillipson has.”
Yet he added: “The rhetoric is right and the intention is solid but the narrative of opposition doesn’t necessarily become the reality of office.”Leitch said low pay was a big driver of people leaving or not choosing the sector, especially during a cost living crisis, but many were also leaving because they felt “undervalued and exhausted”.
Phillipson said last week that there was “real enthusiasm” in primary schools about taking on nurseries. The Department for Education said: “Due to years of decline, families in some areas are struggling to find provision which meet their needs, and the school-based nurseries programme is an important first step towards delivering much-needed places across all our communities.”
