Labor's plan to cut emissions from industry to tackle climate change appears on track to pass parliament by the end of the week.
But there are concerns it could put investment at risk and push up energy prices for households and businesses.
With the bill to broaden the safeguard mechanism passing the lower house on Monday, the debate now turns to the Senate where Labor will secure the backing of the Greens and crossbenchers.
ACT independent senator David Pocock reached an agreement with the government on Monday night.
"Reforms to the safeguard mechanism are imperfect, but represent a step towards a credible climate policy," Senator Pocock said in a statement on Tuesday.
The government agreed to a hard cap on safeguard mechanism emissions, which Senator Pocock said would give Australians certainty of pollution reduction under the policy.
The government also agreed to accept or partially accept, 16 recommendations as additional comments to the committee report on the legislation.
The safeguard mechanism, which was initiated by the coalition government but is being overhauled by Labor, will apply to the country's 215 biggest emitters and force them to reduce their emissions by 4.9 per cent each year.
Climate Change Minister Chris Bowen would not be drawn on whether the changes made to the safeguard mechanism will impact the viability of gas projects.
"What I more than concede ... is that we have required new projects whether they be gas or anything else, to meet international best standards on emissions," he told the ABC.
Mr Bowen rejected the description made by Greens leader Adam Bandt likening the government to the coal and gas lobby.
"We are delivering, we're getting on with it, we're getting the job done," he said.
Companies that aren't able to meet the targets would be able to buy carbon credits.
The policy is essential to achieving a 43 per cent emission reduction by 2030 and net-zero by 2050.
Mr Bandt announced on Monday a deal had been struck to put a ceiling on gross greenhouse gas emissions, which won't be able to exceed current pollution levels of 140 million tonnes a year, and there will be a decreasing cap over time.
The bill will include a "pollution trigger" that will require the climate change minister to test a new or expanded project's impact on the hard cap and net carbon budgets.
If the assessment finds the project would contribute to exceeding the cap or budget, the minister must consult and recalibrate the rules or impose conditions on new entrants.
Mr Bandt said the amendments meant new fossil fuel projects were less likely to go ahead.
"Investors see the writing on the wall, know that coal and gas is on its way out and understand that the hard cap negotiated by the Greens means there's a limit on coal and gas expansion in this country from now on," he said.
As well, all new gas fields for export will need to be carbon neutral from day one.
The two Jacqui Lambie Network senators are also expected to support the bill.
Mr Bandt had been negotiating for a ban on all new coal and gas, but while this was not achieved the changes to the bill will make it harder for such projects to go ahead.
Opposition climate change spokesman Ted O'Brien described it as a "carbon tax on prosperity".
The Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association said it would make it harder for gas to be used to transition away from coal and provide reliable backup for renewable energy.
