Iran has escalated its uranium enrichment activities, as confirmed by a recent report from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The report revealed that Iran now possesses nearly weapons-grade uranium at 60% purity, just below the threshold required for a nuclear weapon. This development has raised concerns globally, as Iran's stockpile of uranium enriched to 60% has increased to about 400 pounds, with an overall stockpile of enriched uranium reaching approximately 14,560 pounds.
The IAEA report also highlighted that Iran would need around 92 pounds of uranium enriched at 90% purity to produce an atomic weapon. Despite Iran's offer to halt enrichment beyond 60%, it has linked this decision to the cessation of new sanctions by the European Union and the United Kingdom, as well as the withdrawal of a censure resolution by the IAEA.
During discussions between IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi and Iranian diplomats, the possibility of Iran halting the expansion of its uranium stockpile enriched up to 60% was explored, with Iran expressing willingness to allow agency inspectors to oversee its nuclear materials.
Experts have emphasized that there is no civilian application for 60% enriched uranium, raising concerns about Iran's intentions regarding its nuclear program. Western nations fear that Iran may pursue nuclear weapons as a deterrent, particularly in light of recent developments involving its proxies, Hamas and Hezbollah.
The stance of the incoming U.S. administration, led by President-elect Trump, remains uncertain, with a promise to enforce stricter sanctions on Iran. Meanwhile, the European Union and the United Kingdom have expanded sanctions against Iran, alleging support for Russia in the Ukraine conflict.
Iran has denied these accusations and warned of potential retaliation against the imposed sanctions. The situation is expected to escalate further, with the IAEA board likely to proceed with a censure resolution against Iran, potentially leading to action by the U.N. Security Council.
While U.S. intelligence indicates that Iran has not yet decided to build a nuclear bomb, concerns persist regarding its capability to produce weapons-grade uranium rapidly. The Institute for Science and International Security estimates that Iran could have enough uranium for multiple nuclear bombs within a short timeframe if it chooses to pursue this path.
