In his seminal 1950 paper, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, English computer scientist Alan Turing asked, “Can machines think?” This groundbreaking work introduced the Turing Test, a method for assessing machine intelligence. Turing’s visionary ideas laid the foundation for artificial intelligence, shaping a field that European innovators like London-based DeepMind have since brought to life. Yet today, the very region that once spearheaded AI innovation faces mounting obstacles threatening to sideline its role in the global AI race.
In 2025, as transformative AI tools revolutionize industries, the EU and U.K. are increasingly constrained by their own regulatory frameworks. The latest casualty is OpenAI’s text-to-video tool, Sora, which debuted globally late last year but remains unavailable in the EU and U.K.
Sora joins a growing list of delayed AI launches, including Google’s Gemini, Meta’s AI assistant, Microsoft’s Copilot, and Apple’s AI-powered features—all hindered by Europe’s stringent legal landscape. These delays signal a troubling trend: a region once at the forefront of technological innovation now grapples with an innovation gap that could have far-reaching consequences.
“Can machines think?”
Alan Turing in 1950
Consequences of the Innovation Gap
Rich Pleeth, CEO and co-founder of Fin Sustainable Logistics, underscores the stakes:
“The growing innovation gap in AI is a massive concern. While the U.S. and other parts of the world forge ahead with cutting-edge AI development, Europe’s stricter regulations create an uneven playing field. It’s like being in school and only being allowed to observe the science experiments while others get to participate.”
...a region once at the forefront of technological innovation now grapples with an innovation gap that could have far-reaching consequences.
The long-term risks are profound. As Europe lags in AI adoption, its companies risk falling behind competitors in the U.S. and Asia. This innovation gap could stifle economic growth, discourage investment, and lead to a brain drain as AI talent migrates to more permissive environments. “At this rate,” Pleeth warns, “the U.K. will become a spectator in the AI future.”
Policy and market tensions
Europe’s leadership in consumer protection is undeniable—GDPR set a global benchmark for data privacy. What may be well-intentioned regulations, though, are coming at a cost.
“An inordinate amount of uncertainty is why companies are delaying AI product launches in Europe—especially around penalties and fines,” explains Bill Echikson, a senior fellow at the Digital Innovation Initiative. “It’s also possible they’re making a political point about overregulation.” This uncertainty creates a vicious cycle: as companies hesitate to introduce new innovations, regulators respond cautiously, leaving European consumers and businesses at a disadvantage.
Navigating the regulatory maze
The EU’s single market is too significant, and the promise of AI too enormous, for companies to ignore, says Anu Jain, CEO of the AI data firm Nexus Cognitive, which helps companies navigate these challenges: “AI in 2025 represents an even more transformative inflection point than the late '90s when the internet revolutionized communication and commerce. We are on the verge of AI reshaping every aspect of human life, empowering us to tackle challenges once thought insurmountable.”
However, Jain warns that Europe’s regulatory hurdles begin long before AI systems are even developed or implemented. “Preparing data for AI is now the top priority for companies striving to remain competitive,” he says. “But Europe’s stringent data citizenship requirements add major challenges. Organizations must invest in robust data preparation to meet compliance standards before they can effectively harness AI. This added complexity risks stifling innovation and delaying market entry, creating the very real danger that our European partners could be pigeonholed into second-rate platforms—a risk we work vigorously to avoid.”
This sentiment is echoed by European consumers who increasingly turn to VPNs to access blocked AI tools. Guides specifically for Europeans on bypassing restrictions for applications like Sora have proliferated online, highlighting the demand for these technologies despite regulatory barriers.
A path forward
So, what’s the solution? Most experts agree that clarity and collaboration are key. Regulators must provide clearer guidelines to reduce legal uncertainty, while companies must engage proactively to shape policies that balance innovation with protection. The EU AI Act, if implemented wisely, could set a global standard for responsible AI. But if it becomes overly restrictive, it risks deepening Europe’s technological lag.
Regulators must provide clearer guidelines to reduce legal uncertainty, while companies must engage proactively to shape policies that balance innovation with protection.
Prime Minister Kier Starmer, facing mourning economic pressures, recently announced plans to adopt 50 recommendations from venture capitalist Matt Clifford as part of a broader strategy to position the UK as an “AI maker” rather than an “AI taker." While the AI industry welcomed the emphasis on developing supercomputers and sovereign AI computing facilities, many experts remain concerned that the plan does little to address the pressing need for clear and comprehensive AI regulation—a gap that continues to hinder innovation and market confidence.
Pleeth offers a piercing reflection: if Alan Turing were alive today, the iconic Englishman might find himself innovating on the other side of the pond. “Turing would find the UK's risk-averse approach frustrating, limiting his ability to make bold leaps forward in AI research and development. This is sadly in stark contrast to the U.S., where a more permissive approach encourages rapid experimentation and deployment of AI technologies.”
...if Alan Turing were alive today, the iconic Englishman might find himself innovating on the other side of the pond.
Rich Pleeth, CEO and co-founder of Fin Sustainable Logistics
Without swift action, Europe could find itself on the sidelines of the AI revolution, watching from afar as the rest of the world forges ahead. For Europe to remain competitive, it must swiftly strike a delicate balance—one that protects its values without sacrificing its future.
