The story so far: With the monsoon session of the Parliament set to commence on July 18, one of the Bills up for deliberation and passage is the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act 2021.
The Wild Life (Protection) Bill which was introduced in the Lok Sabha in the 2021 Winter session is one of the few bills sent to a standing committee for discussion and amendments. . After four months of deliberation, in April this year, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science & Technology, Environment, Forests & Climate Change submitted its report on the proposed Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Bill.
During the Bill’s tabling, Congress MP Jairam Ramesh had vehemently opposed the Bill in its initial form claiming that it had not been drafted after widespread consultations and had ‘huge shortcomings’. After consultation with twenty-four wildlife institutions, thirteen eminent conservationists, six Lok Sabha MPS and twenty-nine concerned citizens, the Parliamentary Committee has published its recommendations for the Bill.
What is the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Bill, 2021?
Features:
The Bill amends the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 by increasing the species protected under the law. Substituting the definition of ‘Tiger and other Endangered Species’ to ‘Wild Life’, this Bill includes flora, fauna and aqua under its protection. The Bill also regulates wild life trade as per the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). There are 50 amendments to the Act proposed in the Bill.
The Bill aims to implement CITES — which was signed inWashington D.C. on March 3, 1973, and later amended in 1979 — to trade plant and animal specimens with other governments, without threatening the survival of the species. Regulating the possession of specimens, the Bill defines ‘specimen’ as any animal or plant (dead or alive). It also constitutes a Management authority which will issue permits for the trade of scheduled specimens in accordance with CITES.
The Centre can designate a management authority to grant export or import permits for the trade of specimens and a scientific authority to give advice on the trade impact on the survival of the specimens, as per the Bill. The Bill prohibits any person from modifying or removing the identification mark of the specimen made by the Management authority and every person possessing live specimens of scheduled animals must obtain a registration certificate.
The Centre will appoint a Chief Wild Life Warden who processes applications for breeding in captivity or artificially propagating any scheduled specimen. He/ She is empowered to refuse or cancel the registration of an applicant in case of violations.
Classification of specimens
Classifying animals into two specially protected schedules, the Bill prohibits their trade by anyone, barring certain exceptions. The Bill removes the present schedule for vermin species and inserts a new schedule for specimens listed for extinction under CITES. The Bill also lists 131 mammals, 112 birds, 43 birds, 26 fishes, 63 insects, 388 corals under schedule I and 41 mammals, 864 birds, 12 reptiles, 58 insects, molluscs, and sponges under schedule II. A separate schedule for plants is also listed.
Prohibitions
The Bill seeks to empower the Centre to regulate or prohibit the import, trade, possession or proliferation of plant or animal species not native to India - invasive alien species. Apart from states, the Centre too can notify a conservation reserve — an area adjacent to national parks and sanctuaries.
Any person can voluntarily surrender any captive animals or animal products to the Chief Wild Life Warden (an appointee of state governments). However, no compensation will be paid to the person for it and the surrendered items become the property of the state government. Under the Bill, the fine for General violation is up to Rs 1,00,000 and for specially protected animals is at least Rs 25,000.
What are the recommended changes to the Bill?
During the debate in Rajya Sabha, Congress MP Jairam Ramesh urged Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla to refer the Bill to a standing committee as many wildlife conservationists expressed concern that the Bill soughtan ‘exception’ to the transfer of captive animals, allowing the transfer or transport of live elephants by a person having a certificate of ownership.
The Parliamentary Committee recommended the deletion of this exemption clause for elephants and argued that a “careful balance” between traditions and conservation was needed..
The Committee has proposed constituting a Standing Committee of the State Board for Wild Life (SBWL), comprising of at least one-third of non-official members, at least three institutional members and the Director of the Wildlife Institute of India or a nominee.
The Committee also noted that several species were missing in all three schedules and that the Bill fails to address “human-animal conflict”. To remedy this, the Committee has recommended a Human Animal Conflict Advisory Committee — headed by the Chief Wild Life Warden — to suggest mitigation strategies such as changing cropping patterns and drawing up site-specific plans.
