Bill Ackman and Sean "Diddy" Combs are among the list of owners of Elon Musk's X, the social media site formerly known as Twitter.
The platform has been forced to disclose its investors as part of a lawsuit brought by former employees, who are seeking payment of arbitration fees incurred following Musk's purchase of the site.
Previously, X has argued that its investors were confidential as a matter of "routine practice and policy," but this week, a federal judge in California ruled to unseal the list of the site's owners.
Among the nearly 100 owners of the social media giant are some familiar names, both from the world of investment and within the X universe.
Previously, high-profile investors like Fidelity have been connected with X, most notably because the investment vehicle's filings implied a 72% drop in the company's value since Musk took it over.
However, the latest filing reveals the investment behemoth's backing of the platform, with almost 30 separate Fidelity-linked entities holding stakes in the brand.
This week's unsealed documents also lay bare the lesser-known stakeholders in the company.
The list seen by Fortune reveals the Pershing Square Foundation owns a stake in X. If the name sounds familiar, that's because of its link to Pershing Square Holdings, founded by billionaire investor Bill Ackman 20 years ago.
Although the foundation of the same name is led by an independent senior leadership team, Ackman and his wife, Neri Oxman, are co-trustees.
Ackman is a vocal user of X and frequently uses the platform to address other high-profile individuals and entities. He has used it to debate Shark Tank star Mark Cuban and raise questions about the leadership of his alma mater, Harvard University.
Elsewhere on the list of owners is Oracle founder Larry Ellison. The stake in X comes via the Lawrence J. Ellison Revocable Trust, the principal business of which, per an SEC report filed in 2008 and seen by Fortune, is to "hold the assets and estate of Mr. Ellison."
The interests of the trust and Oracle bear no relation to each other, the SEC filing adds.
Unlike Ackman, Ellison is not an avid user of the site. Despite having more than 130,000 followers, Ellison has posted twice—once in 2012 and once in 2023.
Another notable name on the list is Sean Combs Capital.
While SEC filings show no matches for the company, the business has previously been linked to the American rapper Diddy—previously known as Puff Daddy—who has launched a number of businesses under his birth name.
These have included the Sean Combs Foundation, Combs Investments, and more recently the umbrella brand for his holdings, Combs Global.
Musk has also managed to attract some royal attention for his endeavor, with HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud also featured on the list.
The Saudi prince has a net worth just shy of $19 billion, per Forbes, and also has holdings in the likes of luxury hotels the Four Seasons and the Savoy, as well as other technology firms like ride-sharing company Lyft.
It also seems that despite his criticism of Musk's leadership, Jack Dorsey still owns shares in the platform he founded via the Jack Dorsey Remainder LLC.
The Twitter cofounder previously backed the Tesla CEO in his takeover of the company but walked back his support earlier this year, telling a member on rival social media platform Bluesky, "It all went south.”
Doubling down on investments
Among the less eminent names are some organizations that not only hold stakes in X as a business but have also seen senior leaders pitch in.
Take the likes of Danilo Kawasaki and Ross Gerber.
According to the filing, the pair are named as individual investors in X but also have a stake in the business they lead, the wealth and investment management firm Gerber Kawasaki.
Elsewhere on the list are the Silicon Valley VCs one might expect: 8VC, Andreessen Horowitz, and Sequoia.
The list, of course, also features Musk himself. Via the Elon Musk Revocable Trust, the SpaceX founder is also listed.
Musk purchased the site for $44 billion in 2022, though the filing did not make clear the proportion of his investment versus that of others. Since then, the business has been beleaguered by departing advertisers, mass layoffs, and criticism of Musk's strategy.
X did not immediately respond to Fortune's request for comment.
The full list
- 8VC Opportunities Fund II, L.P.
- ADREM X LLC
- ADREM Y LLC
- Afshar Partners, LP
- Andrea Stroppa
- Andreessen Horowitz LSV Fund III, L.P.
- Anthem Ventures, LLC
- ARK Venture Private Holdings LLC
- BAMCO, Inc.
- Bandera Fund LLC
- Baron Opportunity Fund
- Baron Partners Fund
- Binance Capital Management Co., Ltd
- Brookfield Project X L.P.•CCM 2020 Investments LLC
- Cheng and Chen Family Trust
- CNK Fund IV, L.P.
- Danilo Kawasaki
- Dayton Family Enterprises, LLC
- Dayton Family Investments, LLC
- DFJ GROWTH IV, L.P.
- DFJ GROWTH IV PARALLEL FUND, LLC
- DFJ GROWTH X-I, L.P.
- Eden Relationship Capital L.P.
- Elon Musk as Trustee of the Elon Musk Revocable Trust dated July 22, 2003
- FIAM Target Date Blue Chip Growth Commingled Pool By: Fidelity InstitutionalAsset Management Trust Company as Trustee
- Fidelity Blue Chip Growth Commingled Pool By: Fidelity Management TrustCompany, as Trustee
- Fidelity Blue Chip Growth Institutional Trust By its manager Fidelity InvestmentsCanada ULC
- Fidelity Canadian Growth Company Fund by its manager Fidelity InvestmentsCanada ULC
- Fidelity Central Investment Portfolios LLC: Fidelity U.S. Equity Central Fund -Communication Services Sub
- Fidelity Contrafund: Fidelity Advisor New Insights Fund - Sub A
- Fidelity Contrafund: Fidelity Advisor New Insights Fund - Sub B
- Fidelity Contrafund: Fidelity Contrafund•Fidelity Contrafund: Fidelity Contrafund K6
- Fidelity Contrafund: Fidelity Series Opportunistic Insights Fund
- Fidelity Contrafund Commingled Pool By: Fidelity Management Trust Company,as Trustee
- Fidelity Destiny Portfolios: Fidelity Advisor Diversified Stock Fund
- Fidelity Global Growth and Value Investment Trust - Sub A By its manager Fidelity Investments Canada
- Fidelity Global Innovators Investment Trust by its manager Fidelity InvestmentsCanada ULC
- Fidelity Growth Company Commingled Pool By: Fidelity Management TrustCompany, as Trustee
- Fidelity Insights Investment Trust By its manager Fidelity Investments CanadaULC
- Fidelity Mt. Vernon Street Trust: Fidelity Growth Company Fund
- Fidelity Mt. Vernon Street Trust : Fidelity Growth Company K6 Fund
- Fidelity Mt. Vernon Street Trust: Fidelity Series Growth Company Fund
- Fidelity OTC Commingled Pool By: Fidelity Management Trust Company, as Trustee
- Fidelity Puritan Trust: Fidelity Puritan Fund - Equity Sub B
- Fidelity Puritan Trust: Puritan K6 Fund - Equity Subportfolio•Fidelity Securities Fund: Fidelity Blue Chip Growth Fund
- Fidelity Securities Fund: Fidelity Blue Chip Growth K6 Fund
- Fidelity Securities Fund: Fidelity OTC K6 Portfolio
- Fidelity Securities Fund: Fidelity OTC Portfolio
- Fidelity Select Portfolios : Select Communication Services Portfolio•G64 Ventures LLC
- Gerber Kawasaki Inc.
- GFNCI LLC
- Gigafund 0.21, LP
- Glacier Ventures LLC
- Go Mav, LLC
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud
- IMG US, LLC
- Jack Dorsey Remainder LLC
- Jack Dorsey Tr Ua 12/08/2010 Jack Dorsey Revocable Trust
- Kingdom Holding Company
- Lawrence J. Ellison Revocable Trust
- Linda Ye and Robin Ren Family Foundation
- Litani Ventures•Luchi Fiduciaria SR POS. 365
- Manhattan Venture Partners X LLC
- Mirae Asset Innovation X ONE, LLC
- Mirae Asset Project X Fund I, LP•Olivier Janssens
- Q Tetris Holding LLC
- Ross Gerber
- Santo Lira LLC
- SC CDA1 LLC
- SCGE Fund, L.P.•SCGGF III – U.S./India Management, L.P.
- SCHF (M) PV, L.P.
- Scott Nolan
- SC US/E Expansion Fund I Management, L.P.
- Sean Combs Capital, LLC
- Sequent (Schweiz) AG as Trustee of the Debala Trust
- Sequioa Capital Fund, L.P.
- Series N Dis, a series of Atreides Special Circumstances Fund, LLC
- Shahidi Tactic Group, LLC
- Steve Davis
- T. One Holdings LLC
- The Pershing Square Foundation
- TM33 Partner Holdings
- Tresser Blvd 402 LLC
- UnipolSai S.P.A.
- Variable Insurance Products Fund II: VIP Contrafund Portfolio - Subportfolio A
- VYC25 Limited
- X Holdings I Investment, LLC
