DNA detectives have finally discovered the identity of a long-dead vampire. The early 19th Century man was found buried with his arms in an 'X' shape across his chest - a burial practice to prevent blood-suckers rising from the grave to feed upon the living.
The remains were discovered in 1990 in Griswold, Connecticut and were determined to be those of a middle-aged man named John Barber. The man suffered from tuberculosis which causes sweating, weight loss, swollen neck and coughing up blood.
These unexplained signs of the time may have led paranoid locals to suspect vampirism. Cutting-edge laboratory and bioinformatics techniques have been used to reveal what he looked like and confirm who he was.
The recent International Symposium on Human Identification (ISHI) conference in Washington, D.C., saw Parabon NanoLabs and the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL, a branch of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System) unveil their results.
Parabon NanoLabs said: "Tales of the undead consuming the blood of living beings have been around for centuries. Before scientific and clinical knowledge were used to explain infectious diseases and medical disorders, communities hit with epidemics turned to folklore for explanations.
"They often blamed vampirism for the change in appearance, erratic behaviour and deaths of their friends and family who actually suffered from conditions such as porphyria, pellagra, rabies and tuberculosis (TB).
"It is speculated that he (John Barber) was later disinterred and reburied because his limbs had been placed atop his chest in an X in a skull-and-crossbones configuration — a burial practice used to prevent purported vampires from rising from the grave to feed upon the living."
The latest advanced laboratory and bioinformatic DNA analyses was carried out on the early 19th-century unidentified remains of a man, only known as JB55 because of the markings on his grave.
AFDIL performed a Y-STR chromosome analysis in 2019 that suggested a possible surname of "Barber". A search of historical records led to an obituary for someone else buried in the same cemetery that mentioned a man named John Barber, but no other records were found for him.
A whole-genome targeting approach, which is also used in Parabon’s law enforcement casework for highly degraded samples, was determined to be the most cost effective method of identification. Using machine learning models built on published variants, along with additional variants discovered by Parabon, JB55 was predicted to have fair skin, brown eyes, brown or black hair, and freckles.
Using the trait predictions and a digital 3D image of the skull, Thom Shaw, an IAI-certified forensic artist at Parabon, reconstructed JB55’s likely appearance. The other person buried in the cemetery was believed to be a relative of JB.
Their DNA was analysed using whole-genome enrichment, sequencing, and low-coverage imputation. The person was a first cousin to JB.
Tracing the family trees of the GEDmatch matches led to ancestors with the surname Barber living in New England in the 18th and 19th centuries. This suggests he was most likely John Barber.
GEDmatch is an online service to compare autosomal DNA data files from different testing companies.
