Danish voters on Wednesday chose to abandon their country’s 30-year policy of opting out of the European Union's common defense policy and instead forge closer security ties with the bloc, another example of European countries seeking closer links with allies in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
The referendum is the latest example of European countries seeking closer defense links with allies in response to Russia’s invasion. It follows Sweden and Finland’s historic bids to join NATO, which plans to take up their applications at the end of the month.
Some 4.2 million Danish voters were eligible to cast ballots in the referendum.
"The world is changing, and not in a good way. We need to stand together and strengthen the cooperation that strengthens our security," said Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, head of the opposition Liberal Party, as he handed out flyers Wednesday in a last-minute attempt to convince undecided voters to vote “yes”.
“Unfortunately we are looking forward to a time that will be even more unstable than what we experience now,” Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said after casting her vote. “I believe it is the right thing for Europe, I believe it is the right thing for Denmark, believe it is the right thing for our future.”
President of the EU Commission Ursula von der Leyen hailed the Denmark vote on Twitter, saying: "I am convinced that both Denmark and the EU will benefit from this decision," adding the hashtag #Strongertogether.
Denmark joining the EU's defense policy would have a relatively modest impact on Europe’s security architecture, particularly compared to Sweden and Finland joining NATO. But Christine Nissen, a researcher with the Danish Institute for International Studies, said both moves were “part of the same story” and would strengthen military cooperation on a continent stunned by the war in Ukraine.
The main effect of abandoning the opt-out would be that Danish officials could stay in the room when EU colleagues discuss defense topics and Danish forces would take part in EU military operations.
One of the founding members of NATO, Denmark has stayed on the sidelines of the EU’s efforts to build a common security and defense policy in parallel with the trans-Atlantic NATO alliance. It was one of four opt-outs that Danes insisted on before adopting the EU’s Maastricht Treaty, which laid the foundation for political and economic union.
The waiver means Denmark has not participated in the EU’s discussions on defense policy, its development and acquisition of military capabilities, and its joint military operations such as those in Africa and Bosnia.
In a 1993 referendum, Denmark also opted out of cooperation in EU justice and home affairs, the common currency and citizenship. The citizenship opt-out, which said European citizenship would not replace national citizenship, has since become irrelevant as other members later adopted the same position. But the other provisions remain intact despite efforts by successive governments to overturn them.
Danish voters decided in 2000 to stay outside the eurozone, and 15 years later they voted to keep the exemption on justice and home affairs.
(FRANCE 24 with AP)
