Tens of thousands of demonstrators have turned out at largely peaceful Invasion Day protests across the nation, demanding justice and rights for Indigenous people on Australia's national day.
Invasion Day events kicked off in major capital cities and regional centres with organisers saying January 26, the anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, was not a day to celebrate.
In Adelaide, demonstrations were almost disrupted when SA Police arrested and charged a dozen people with various street offences and one man was arrested for displaying a Nazi symbol.
In Melbourne, tens of thousands of people lined the steps of state parliament - in what organisers described as the biggest Invasion Day turnout to date - to demand justice over Indigenous deaths in custody and missing and murdered women, and for governments to be held to account in treaty negotiations.
Chants of "shame", "long live the resistance" and "from the river to the sea, always was always will be" rang out as a dozen speakers addressed the crowd.
Indigenous activist and historian Dr Gary Foley said the failed voice referendum was proof the greatest obstacle to a better future was "Anglo-Australian racism born out of fear and ignorance" of history.
"We need to gently educate those who are not here today about the true nature of Australian history and why it is every year we gather here on this occasion," he told the crowd.
Zoe Upton, a member of the First Peoples' Assembly of Victoria involved in treaty negotiations, mourned the activists who came before her and said their work led to the determination to continue to speak up about injustices since the settler landing.
Pro-Palestine activists who usually rally in central Melbourne each Sunday joined the protest, with demonstrators shutting down Russell and Swanston Streets as they chanted and marched towards Flinders Street Station.
Democracy in Colour national director and Palestinian woman Noura Mansour said the plights of Indigenous Australians and Palestinians were intertwined.
"We were never meant to survive ... but the fact that we are here over 200 years later, demanding treaty now, demanding land back, calling for a free Palestine, is a miracle," she told the crowd to cheers.
Aboriginal and Palestinian flags were waived alongside banners that read "Australia: Stolen land, Palestine: Stolen land" and "237 years, yet no treaty".
There was a large police presence in the city for the largely peaceful demonstration, with a few minor scuffles between protesters and members of the public.
Victoria Police said about 25,000 people attended the protests and no arrests were made.
Between 50 and 70 people gathered at a separate "pro-Australia Day rally" in Gosch's Paddock, adjacent to Melbourne Park where the Australian Open is held, but no arrests were made.
Thousands converged at Belmore Park in central Sydney, many holding Aboriginal and Palestinian flags, as hundreds of Aboriginal activists called for Australia Day to be abolished or moved to a different date.
Wiradjuri woman Lily Hodgson said she was at the rally for her ancestors.
"When you look into my eyes you'll see my ancestors," she told AAP.
"I'm here for everything that was taken from us, in our language, in our spirituality, and in our connection, the country."
The rally headed towards Redfern, with thousands peacefully marching through the streets of Sydney's CBD flanked by a heavy police presence including mounted police.
Approximately 15,000 people attended the rally and NSW Police said the crowd dispersed with no arrests.
In Brisbane, thousands of people - many dressed in black, red and yellow - sat on the grass in Queens Garden to peacefully listen to Aboriginal elders speak while marking January 26 with a giant Aboriginal flag laid on the lawns.
Speaker Uncle Bill criticised Queensland's Liberal National Party government for scrapping the state's truth-telling inquiry within days of taking office.
"Things for Indigenous people are going down the drain," he told the crowd.
The protesters marched across Victoria Bridge, over the Brisbane River to Musgrave Park chanting "always was, always will be Aboriginal land" as police officers lined the road.
Activists in Hobart marched to state parliament while protesters in the ACT marched past Parliament House in Canberra, where an event was set to take place at the Aboriginal Tent Embassy.
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