On July 1, Thailand and China marked the 48th anniversary of their diplomatic relations, amid efforts by both countries to strengthen bilateral ties across various domains.
Since the forging of diplomatic ties in 1975, Sino-Thai relations have prospered, albeit with some initial challenges. Political turmoil in Thailand during that period led to a temporary exodus of young students seeking refuge in China. However, relations rebounded in the 1980s and have since flourished. Thailand was among the first foreign investors to recognise China's potential for development after the initiation of its four modernisations in 1984.
Today, Thailand-China ties are more comprehensive, pragmatic, and dynamic, marked by many exchanges and interactions over the years. China has raised its international profile and influence, positioning itself to play a greater role in the realms of economics and security.
China has made remarkable progress in economic engagement and strives to establish itself as a high-quality economic model. Notably, China is an active participant in the Asean-led Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and is supportive of the proposed Asia-Pacific Free Trade Agreement.
Last year, China ranked top for foreign direct investment in Thailand with investment valued at more than 77 billion baht, accounting for 15% of the total FDI in the country.
Furthermore, China has been the largest source of tourism for Thailand, with the number of Chinese visitors surpassing 10 million prior to the onset of the pandemic. Education cooperation between the two nations is also significant, with approximately one million Thais studying Mandarin Chinese at various proficiency levels.
Apart from economic cooperation, China aims to expand military cooperation with Thailand, with joint drills planned for this year.
Chinese Defence Minister Li Shangfu expressed his commitment to fostering collaboration between the militaries during the recent visit by Narongpan Jitkaewtae, the Thai army chief, to Beijing. China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) not only seeks to expand China's global role and influence but also serves as a means to counterbalance the influence of the United States.
In the meantime, Thailand has a longstanding bilateral relationship with the US, commemorating the 190th anniversary of diplomatic ties this year, with roots traced back to the Treaty of Amity and Commerce signed in 1833. The US remains one of Thailand's largest export markets, and the two nations share deep military and security cooperation.
In light of the trade war between the US and China and geopolitical conflicts, Thailand requires a capable foreign minister under the next government to guide the country's diplomatic strategy and balance the influence of these superpowers.
While Thailand and China are further strengthening diplomatic relations ahead of the 50th anniversary and China has assumed a pivotal role in driving regional development, it is crucial for Thailand to exercise its independent stance on certain issues for the sake of international governance and accountability. These issues encompass human rights, Mekong water management, and South China Sea conflicts, particularly in its capacity as an Asean member.
Thailand's foreign minister must possess the determination to uphold the nation's position, safeguard its interests, and foster trust amid such complexities.
