Bats gather for late-night feasts as nocturnal insects fly through mountain passes in the Pyrenees each autumn, new research shows.
University of Exeter scientists identified seven bat species and 66 insect species – 90% of which were moths – in the Pass of Bujaruelo, near Spain’s border with France.
The findings indicate that migrating insects are a vital food source for both migrating bats and those that live in the mountains.
This migration of nocturnal insects happens over about two months each autumn, but varying weather conditions mean there are just three or four key nights each year when large numbers of insects fly through the Pass of Bujaruelo— Dr Will Hawkes, University of Exeter
It also provides the first-ever evidence of migratory bats feeding on migratory insects while both are migrating, the researchers say.
Dr Will Hawkes, of the Centre for Ecology and Conservation on Exeter’s Penryn Campus in Cornwall, said: “Mountain passes are hotspots for a wide variety of insect species that fly south in the autumn.
“This migration of nocturnal insects happens over about two months each autumn, but varying weather conditions mean there are just three or four key nights each year when large numbers of insects fly through the Pass of Bujaruelo.
“On these nights, activity of both migratory and residential bat species increased significantly, suggesting these are important moments for the bats to build and maintain their energy reserves.”
The species preyed on by the bats included the cotton bollworm, a moth whose caterpillars are a major crop pest.
By eating these creatures the bats may provide an important pest-control service that helps humans.
Dr Hawkes explained that migratory bats may use the influx of insects as a refuelling station to power their own journeys south.
He added: “In highlighting the importance of major insect migrations, our study also shows how fragile ecosystems can be.
“Research in the UK has shown a long-term decline in moth numbers, and moths face a variety of threats including climate change, light pollution, pesticides and habitat loss.
“The insects migrating through the Pyrenees come from hundreds or even thousands of miles away, so the threats they face across that area could all have an impact on the bats.
“For example, European free-tailed bats live in these mountains, and their young are born in the autumn – so it appears they depend on these migrations to feed their offspring and build up energy for hibernation.”
Dr Hawkes said he and co-author Karl Wotton were in the pass at night in 2018, a year before the study started, and we could hear the feeding buzzes of the bats.
“It was this lucky encounter of us being in the right place at the right time that made us think that maybe the bats are specifically targeting the migratory moths as the bats themselves migrate too,” he added.
The findings are published in the Royal Society Open Science journal.
