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The Guardian - UK
The Guardian - UK
Business
Graeme Wearden

Bank of England leaves UK interest rates on hold in 6-3 split, knocking pound – as it happened

A pedestrian crossing near the Bank of England this morning
A pedestrian crossing near the Bank of England this morning Photograph: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images

Closing post

Time to wrap up…

The Bank of England has kept UK interest rates unchanged but warned Britain’s economy is on the brink of stagnation after Rachel Reeves’s budget as the world faces stubbornly high inflation and the risk of Donald Trump reigniting trade wars.

Holding interest rates at 4.75% in a widely expected decision, the central bank’s monetary policy committee (MPC) said on Thursday it had slashed its UK forecasts for the final three months of the year with a prediction of zero economic growth. The Bank had predicted growth of 0.3% as recently as November.

Highlighting the chancellor’s £40bn tax-raising budget, alongside rising geopolitical tensions and trade policy uncertainty after Trump’s November election victory, the MPC said growth was faltering while inflation risks remained.

The money markets now indicate the Bank will only cut interest rates twice next year, but some City economists predict four or even six quarter-point cuts.

The Bank was split 6-3 on the decision, with a trio of policymakers voting to cut interest rates. This has been taken as a dovish sign by some, pushing the pound down today.

In other news…

Water bills in England and Wales will rise by 36% over the next five years, as suppliers were accused of forcing struggling households to pay for years of underinvestment to fix leaky pipes and cut pollution.

Thames Water will have to pay an £18.2m penalty after the water industry regulator confirmed the troubled utilities company had breached dividend rules.

A Spanish state-owned shipbuilder will buy Belfast-based Harland & Wolff in a rescue deal that will secure all four of its shipyards and save about 1,000 jobs.

BoE's Bailey says market rate pricing looks reasonable

Bank of England governor Andrew Bailey said market expectations in the near term looked reasonable.

However, Bailey was reluctant to give more detailed guidance about the outlook for 2025.

He told reporters:

“I think the path is downward but I really would caution that at this stage, with the amount of uncertainty, we can’t tell you by how much or when particular moves are going to take place.

“The world is too uncertain. We will come back in February at our next meeting and review it again.”

“You can see that in immediate market pricing. The market say, well they might cut in February, they might not. That’s a pretty reasonable starting point.”

Rght now, the money markets indicate there’s a 55% chance that rates are left on hold again in February, at the Bank’s next meeting, and a 45% chance of a cut.

The pound has now slipped into the red, following today’s 6-3 split at the Bank of England over interest rates.

Sterling is now down 0.2% this session at $1.2545.

Wall Street has opened higher, as investors look to shrug off yesterday’s selloff.

The S&P 500 share index has gained 36 points, or 0.6%, to 5,908 points, recovering a little of Wednesday’s 3% slide.

The Dow Jones industrial average is up 0.5%, or 205 points, at 42,532 points, having notched up a 10-day losing streak last night.

Soho House receives takeover offer

Private members’ clubs chain Soho House has announced it has received a takeover offer.

Soho House has told shareholders it has received an approach to buy the company for $9.00 per share, which is 83% above last night’s closing price.

The offer, they say, comes from “a new third-party consortium” – but we don’t have more detail than that.

The offer is being supported by executive chairman Ron Burkle and his private equity firm the Yucaipa Companies, and follows “a thorough strategic review” to enhance shareholder value.

Shares in Soho House have jumped by 63% at the start of trading in New York, to $8.01 per share.

The company has also issued its latest financial results, which show it made a net income of just $200,000 in the third quarter of the year, or $0.00 per share.

It attracted more customers: the nuber of Soho House Members grew to 208,078 from 204,028 in Q2, lifting revenues by 13.6% year-on-year.

Back in 2023 it made a £92m loss, amid warnings that the group has lost its feeling of exclusivity having expanded rapidly, and could be “facing an existential crisis”….

The six Bank of England policymakers who voted to leave interest rates on hold today weren’t completely united.

The minutes of this week’s meeting show that five of them favoured a ‘gradual approach’ to lowering rates, saying:

For five of these members, recent developments added to the argument for a gradual approach to the withdrawal of policy restrictiveness, while eschewing any commitment to changing policy at a specific meeting.

For the other member, the evolution of and prospects for disaggregated measures of activity and inflation could warrant an activist strategy.

That “other member” is presumably Catherine Mann, who told MPs recently that she favoured an activity approach of keeping rates unchanged until inflation has been beaten, and then cutting quickly.

US jobless claims fall

Over in the US, there’s been a sizeable drop in the number of Americans being laid off.

The number of new ‘initial claims’ for unemployment support fell by 22,000 last week, to 220,000, down from 242,000 in the previous seven days.

That suggests US workers were keen to hold onto workers last week.

Market forecasts for rate cuts in 2025

The money markets are now forecasting that the Bank of England will cut interest rates twice in 2025.

Only two quarter-point cuts are now fully-priced in, compared with three earlier this week.

Investors have been rethinking the outlook for UK interest rates, after the US Federal Reserve said last night it would make fewer cuts to US interest rates next year than forecast.

Two quarter-point rate cuts would bring UK Bank rate down to 4.25% by next November.

But….some City experts predict faster cuts next year.

Konstantinos Venetis of TS Lombard predicts Bank Rate will have been cut to 3.5% by the end of 2025, which would mean a deeper rate-cutting cycle than currently pencilled in by policymakers and market participants.

Deutsche Bank’s Sanjay Raja predicts there will be four rate cuts next year, which would bring UK interest rates down to 3.75%.

ING expects 150bp of cuts – or six quarter-point cuts – in 2025, taking Bank rate down to 3.25%.

Updated

Deutsche Bank: Anything but a dull decision today

Although the Bank’s decision to leave interest rates on hold at 4.75% was expected, it’s “anything but a dull affair” reports Sanjay Raja, chief UK economist at Deutsche Bank.

Raja says:

For three members, sluggish demand, a weakening labour market, and a more forward-looking view of how the economy could evolve based on incoming data, warranted a less restrictive policy stance now.

For the remainder of the committee, a gradual dial down of restrictive policy was the preferred route – particularly given the stickier price and wage data we saw this week. And more interestingly, among the six members voting to keep Bank Rate on hold, one member was also on the fence – citing the potential deterioration in activity and inflation data over the medium-term, which could require a faster dial down of restrictive policy.

Today’s statement from the Bank of England shows the good, the bad and the ugly aspects of the UK’s economic outlook, says Barret Kupelian, chief economist at PwC:

Kupelian has plucked out the key quotes from the MPC to illustrate this point:

The good: “With businesses under significant cost pressure from recent policy changes, wage growth is expected to moderate to the 3%- 4% mark. Although sector specific patterns might differ, this is significantly below expectations of 5.5% in the beginning of the year. So this could be a source of respite for businesses trying to control costs and maintain profit margins.”

The bad: “The employment gap relative to the pandemic is likely to be less than what the initial figures had suggested. While this is in principle positive news, it also suggests that labour productivity figures are probably lower than what was initially recorded- this will be a key area of focus for businesses and governments in 2025.”

The ugly: “The Committee now expects that UK growth was flat in the fourth quarter of the year. This is problematic, particularly in view of the fact that our largest trading partner, the Eurozone, is slowing down, and there are likely to be more trade frictions on an international level.”

Pound falls back

Sterling has dipped back as City traders react to the news that three Bank policymakers wanted to cut interest rates, but were outvoted by their six colleagues.

Having traded at $1.263 as the clocks struck 12pm, the pound has now fallen to $1.2595.

Daniela Sabin Hathorn, senior market analyst at Capital.com, says traders are concluding that the BOE vote split is a dovish sign.

The initial reaction in the pound has been bearish, and this is likely due to the vote split being slightly more dovish than expected. Forecasts had predicted an 8-1 or 7-2 split, suggesting only one or two members would vote for a cut in December.

The actual split of 6-3 means there have been three dissenters (Dhingra, Ramsden, and Taylor) which suggests the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) members may be more nervous about the state of the economy than originally thought. Those who voted for a cut said sluggish demand has created a risk of unduly large output gap.

Full story: Bank of England holds interest rate at 4.75% but warns of UK stagnation risk

The Bank of England has kept UK interest rates on hold but warned Britain’s economy is on the brink of stagnation after Rachel Reeves’s budget as the world economy faces stubbornly high inflation and the risk of Donald Trump reigniting global trade wars, my colleague Richard Partington reports from the Bank.

Keeping interest rates at 4.75% in a widely expected decision, the central bank’s monetary policy committee (MPC) said on Thursday it had slashed its forecasts for the final three months of the year with a prediction of zero economic growth. The Bank had predicted growth of 0.3% as recently as November.

Highlighting the chancellor’s £40bn tax-raising budget, alongside rising geopolitical tensions and trade policy uncertainty after Trump’s November election victory, the MPC said growth was faltering while inflation risks remained.

It added:

“These developments have generated additional uncertainties around the economic outlook.”

Exposing a split at the heart of the central bank, the MPC voted by a majority of six to three to keep interest rates unchanged. Three members of the nine-strong panel – the deputy governor, Dave Ramsden, and the external economists Swati Dhingra and Alan Taylor – preferred an immediate 0.25 point reduction in borrowing costs amid concerns over the worsening growth outlook.

More here:

The Bank of England is also concerned that the UK economy could be hit if Donald Trump kicks off a trade war.

In the minutes from the Monetary Policy Committee meeting, it says:

The incoming US administration had proposed to increase tariffs in a manner that could influence future global trade if applied and, as a result, have some direct and indirect impacts on the UK economy.

The magnitude and direction of any such impacts would depend on a range of factors that were at present unknown, including the total package of economic policies to be delivered in the United States, their timing and any subsequent policy responses from other countries.

How the MPC split 6-3 on rates

6-3 sounds like a charity football game score, but it was also the result of this month’s deliberations at the Bank of England over whether to lower borrowing costs or now.

The three MPC members who voted to cut UK interest rates were deputy governor Sir Dave Ramsden, and external committee members Alan Taylor and Swati Dhingra.

Taylor is a new member on the committee, who joined in September, while Dhingra has been the most dovish member of the MPC for a while.

Ramsden, Taylor and Dhingra cited sluggish demand and a weakening labour market, now and in the year ahead, as a good reason to lower interest rates. They argued that this would create downward pressure on demand, wages, and prices, and voted for a cut to 4.5%.

But this trio were outvoted by the other six around the table – Andrew Bailey, Sarah Breeden, Megan Greene, Clare Lombardelli, Catherine Mann and Huw Pill. They pushed, successfully, to keep Bank rate at 4.75%.

These six cited the rise in inflation and wage growth, and were concerned that we don’t yet know the impact of the increase in employment costs announced in October’s budget.

Updated

Bank: Growth is weaker than we expected

The Bank of England also warns that most indicators of UK near-term activity have declined in recent weeks, since it cut interest rates at the start of November.

The MPC says:

Bank staff expect GDP growth to have been weaker at the end of the year than projected in the November Monetary Policy Report.

The Committee now judges that the labour market is broadly in balance. Annual private sector regular average weekly earnings growth picked up quite sharply in the three months to October, but has tended to be more volatile than other wage indicators.

The latest Agents’ intelligence suggests that average pay settlements in 2025 will be within a range of 3 to 4%. There remains significant uncertainty around developments in the labour market.

Explaining its decision to leave interest rates on hold today, the Bank points to rising inflation.

The MPC says:

Since the MPC’s previous meeting, twelve-month CPI inflation has increased to 2.6% in November from 1.7% in September. This was slightly higher than previous expectations, owing in large part to stronger inflation in core goods and food. Services consumer price inflation has remained elevated.

Headline CPI inflation is expected to continue to rise slightly in the near term. Although household inflation expectations have largely normalised, some indicators have increased recently.

Bank of England interest rate decision

Newsflash: The Bank of England has left UK interest rates on hold today at 4.75%.

The BoE’s monetary policy committee voted to maintain Bank Rate at its current level, very much as City economists had expected.

But three policymakers wanted to cut rates to 4.5%, but were outvoted by the other six on the committee.

Updated

It’s nearly time for the Bank of England to publish its final interest rate decision of the year… but there’s less suspense than usual.

Investors are pretty certain we’ll hear ‘no change’ from the Bank at noon, given concerns that inflation is picking up again.

The money markets now indicate there’s just 0.2% chance of a cut to interest rates today, and a 99.8% chance they’ll remain on hold.

As Jim Reid of Deutsche Bank explains:

In terms of the decision itself, they’re widely expected to keep rates unchanged, with Bank Rate staying at 4.75%.

And looking forward, our UK economist doesn’t expect any changes to the key message, which is that a gradual removal of policy restraint is appropriate, while policy will need to stay restrictive for sufficiently long until inflation risks dissipate further.

Sweden cuts rates, but Norway holds

We’re already had some central bank drama, ever before the Bank of England’s interest rate decision lands at noon.

Sweden’s Riksbank lowered its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points this morning, to a two-year low of 2.5%.

Norway’s Norges Bank, though, left its policy rate unchanged at 4.5% this morning, and predicted it will probably cut rates next March.

In the telecoms world, BT has defeated a £1.3bn lawsuit brought against it for allegedly overcharging millions of customers for fixed telephone lines.

London’s Competition Appeal Tribunal ruled in favour of BT in a case which accused the former telecoms monopoly of excessively increasing prices.

The claimants who brought the case had accuse BT of excessively increased prices for some customers for fixed telephone lines, while offering competitive bundles of fixed line and broadband services where it faced fierce competition from other providers.

Updated

The rescue deal agreed with Navantia means taxpayers will pay more for Royal Navy support ships, PA Media reports.

Navantia is main contractor on the Fleet Solid Support Programme to build three vessels for the Royal Navy, while Harland & Wolff is a subcontractor within the consortium. That contrast has been amended, it appears, to smooth the rescue deal though.

Business secretary Jonathan Reynolds insists the revision to the contrast is “relatively minor”, but won’t say how much extra cash would now be pumped in.

Reynolds told reporters:

“This is a huge vote of confidence in the UK. It is good for jobs, it’s good for national security, and it’s good for all parts of the UK.

“This was a huge problem that we inherited walking into office. We have been able to broker a solution that is not just a solution to the short-term problem, but one in the best long-term interests of the UK.”

He said the amendment to the FSS contract, which originally cost £1.6bn, was:

“a far better solution than what was on the table when we initially came into office, which would have been a loan guarantee, which I believe would have lost the taxpayer all of its money and not delivered those ships and not secured the yards or the jobs”.

Updated

Navantia: Deal would preserve over 1,000 jobs

Navantia UK says it expects to complete the rescue of Harland & Wolff by January 2025.

In a statement, Navantia confirms that the deal would save over 1,000 jobs.

But it also cautions that it isn’t completed yet, and needs to clear regulatory approvals.

It says:

Navantia UK is in discussions with Harland & Wolff, a historic British shipbuilding business, to acquire its operations across four sites: Belfast in Northern Ireland, Appledore in the South West of England, and Methil and Arnish in Scotland. The acquisition will strengthen Britain’s industrial capacity whilst preserving more than 1,000 jobs.

The deal will enhance UK shipbuilding, defence and offshore wind industry capabilities, developing both a highly skilled workforce and a robust British supply chain. This will strengthen the country’s sovereign industrial capacity.

Under the proposed agreement, which remains subject to completion and regulatory approvals, Navantia UK will manage all four facilities, bringing its extensive expertise in shipbuilding, fabrication, complex programme management and fostering knowledge transfer.

As prime contractor for the Fleet Solid Support (FSS) programme, Navantia UK leads the construction of three ships for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary to support the Royal Navy’s UK Carrier Strike Group. These vessels will be built across facilities in Belfast, Appledore and Puerto Real (Cádiz, Spain).

The integration of Harland & Wolff’s facilities will ensure seamless delivery of the FSS ships by minimising programme risks and streamlining construction. The deal is expected to be completed in January 2025.

Spain's Navantia agrees deal to purchase Harland & Wolff

Newsflash: Spanish state-held shipbuilder Navantia has finalised a deal to acquire the shipyards of Britain’s Harland & Wolff, best known for building the Titanic, the British government has announced.

Navantia’s rescue deal would end almost three months of uncertainty for staff at Harland & Wolff, which fell into administration in late September.

The government says Navantia UK has agreed a “commercial deal” to purchase all four Harland and Wolff shipyards, including its Belfast facility.

The deal has secured 1,000 UK jobs and ensured the delivery of the Fleet Solid Support Programme to build three Royal Navy ships. In Belfast, around 500 jobs will be protected by the deal, according to a statement from the Northern Ireland Office.

Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Hilary Benn says:

This investment is great news for Belfast, for the Northern Ireland economy and, above all, for Harland and Wolff’s hugely skilled shipbuilding workforce.

Harland and Wolff is an iconic, internationally-renowned company with a long and proud history.

I am delighted that, with this deal, it will now have a bright future ahead.

Updated

UK borrowing costs climb as ‘stagflation’ fears hit markets

The UK government’s borrowing costs have surged to their highest level over Germany in decades.

A selloff in UK government bonds has pushed the yield, or interest rate, on 10-year gilts up to 4.63%, from 4.55% last night. That’s the highest level since October 2023.

German 10-year bund yield have risen by less, to 2.28%.

As a results, the spread between UK and German 10-year borrowing costs has widened to 235 basis points.

That’s wider than after the mini-budget in 2022; the Financial Times says its the highest since German reunification in 1990.

UK bonds are weakening as investors fret that Britain could be sliding into stagflation, as growth slows and inflation rises.

Longer-dated US bonds, and debt issued by other European countries, are also weakening – pushing up yields – after the US Federal Reserve indicated it will cut interest rate more slowly than expected in 2025.

Feargal Sharkey: Water industry privatisation has failed colossally

Water campaigner Feargal Sharkey has called for the end to privatisation of the water industry in England and Wales, after the regulator announced a steep 36% bills increase over the next five years.

Sharkey, the former lead singer of the Undertones, said that the government should examine “another model” for ownership of the industry, such as mutualisation - when a company is owned by customers - or nationalisation.

He said:

“Privatisation for the water industry has failed colossally, to the tune of tens of billions of pounds.”

Sharkey, who became a thorn in the side of the industry after becoming disgusted at sewage discharges into rivers, was also heavily critical of Ofwat, the regulator, for allowing water companies to raise bills by more than a third, after initially proposing an increase of 21% in July. He said the decision to allow such steep bills increases amounted to misconduct, costing British billpayers billions of pounds.

He says:

“As much as this was judgment day for the water industry, it was judgment day for Ofwat. Both have failed miserably.

“Ofwat has proved it is utterly incapable. This is the point that we need to restructure the entire industry.”

Updated

Thames Water says it will tell customers how their bills will rise over the next five years by next February.

In a statement to the stock exchange, Thames Water says it will review Ofwat’s decision on bills “in detail” before responding.

It also says that Ofwat’s decision, and the £3bn liquidity lifeline agreed with creditors, means its liquidity would be extended to October 2025, “with the potential to extend further to May 2026 if the Company chooses to make an appeal to the CMA”.

Water companies are defying the selloff on the London stock market.

Shares in Severn Trent, which will raise bills by 47% over the next five years, have risen by 1% – making it a rare riser on the FTSE 100.

United Utilities’ shares are up 0.7%, after it was told it can raise bills by 32% by 2030.

London stock market hits one-month low after hawkish Fed

Stocks in London are tumbling at the start of trading, following Wall Street’s 3% slump last night.

The FTSE 100 index of blue-chip shares has dropped by 98 points, or 1.2%, in early trading to 8,099 points, its lowest level since 21 November.

Technology-investor Scottish Mortgage are the top faller, down 3.2%, followed by private equity group 3i (-3.1%), Barclays (-3%) and credit-score firm Experian (-3%).

City investors are disappointed that the US Federal Reserve now expects to make fewer interest rate cuts in 2025.

Preston Caldwell, chief US economist at Morningstar, says:

“The Fed is setting the stage for the possibility of few (or even zero)additional rate cuts in 2025 and 2026. Fed Chair Jerome Powell noted that the federal-funds rate is now “significantly closer to neutral”, although it likely remains still “meaningfully restrictive.

There is much uncertainty about precisely where the neutral rate is located. GDP growth has remained strong despite the Fed’s high interest rates. Inflation is also not quite back to target.

The Fed is virtually certain to slow the pace of rate cuts in 2025, in order to better gauge the effects of monetary policy in real time.”

Tom MacInnes, director of policy at Citizens Advice, has warned that the water bill increases will “hit many households hard”.

MacInnes says:

“While it’s encouraging to see help for customers increasing, the current dysfunctional approach to bill support in this industry means that people will continue to miss out.

“Ending the postcode lottery for water social tariffs – cheaper rates for those who need them – is an essential step to shield those struggling to keep pace with rising bills.

“We found that more than two-fifths (42%) of those likely to be eligible aren’t aware that water social tariffs exist.

“The Government and suppliers must work together to ensure that no one is missing out on the support they’re entitled to.”

UK water bill hike: it's the "nightmare before Christmas"

Reaction to this morning’s decision to hike average water bills by 36% over the next five years is flooding in, and pressure groups are not impressed.

Giles Bristow, chief executive of Surfers Against Sewage, a campaign group, says:

Ofwat and the government are asking the public to throw good money after bad and pump yet more of their hard-earned cash into a system geared towards making profit for industry. The obscene reality is that a third of every pound a customer pays is lost to industry debt and dividends, and not to cleaning up our rivers, lakes and seas. This is truly the nightmare before Christmas for a cash-strapped public and signs that even under a new government, the sewage scandal rumbles on. No wonder some brave billpayers are taking a stand and refusing to pay into this failed system.

We’re under no illusions that the water system needs urgent investment but Ofwat doing the same thing and expecting different results is sheer insanity.

Those who claim today as a day of great ambition and record investment are either blind or wilfully ignorant. Today is a day where the status quo continues and the vicious cycle of profit from pollution is perpetuated by government and its regulators. Nothing less than radical reform will do. It’s time for the government to put its money where its mouth is and end the model of profit from pollution. Only then will trust be regained and the public’s demand for an end to sewage pollution be realised.

Charles Watson, chair and founder of River Action, another campaign group, said:

It is a travesty that customers are now being forced to pay higher water bills, especially when these increases are directly the result of years of under-investment by the water industry.

Shareholders in the water companies must be laughing all the way to the bank. With customers now being forced to foot the bill to repair and upgrade the water industry’s crumbling infrastructure, the very people who have already benefited for years from huge dividend payments, will see the value of their assets increase in thanks to this customer funded investment.

The real question remains staring us unanswered in the face: when will those who have profited so rapaciously from decades of operational neglect, causing horrendous environment damage in the process, finally be held accountable and made to pay up for their totally irresponsible custodianship of these essential public services?

Harland & Wolff expected to be saved by Spain's Navantia

Spain’s state-owned shipbuilder Navantia is expected to confirm later today that it is buying Harland and Wolff, the Belfast shipyard best known for the Titanic, in a rescue deal.

The future of Harland and Wolff has been hanging in the balance since September, when it collapsed in to administration.

According to the BBC, all jobs at the firm are expected to be saved in the deal, which is also thought to include Harland and Wolff’s facilities in Scotland and England.

Bloomberg reports that the UK government will provide aid to get the rescue agreed, having been initially reluctant.

Environment Secretary Steve Reed has blamed the 14 years of Conservative government for the state of the water industry.

Speaking after Ofwat announced bills would increase on average by more than a third over the next five years, Reed says:

“Under the Conservatives, our sewage system crumbled. They irresponsibly let water companies divert customers’ money to line the pockets of their bosses and shareholders.

The public are right to be angry after they have been left to pay the price of Conservative failure.

This Labour Government will ringfence money earmarked for investment so it can never be diverted for bonuses and shareholder payouts. We will clean up our rivers, lakes and seas for good.”

Thames Water fined £18.2m for shareholder payouts

Thames Water has been fined £18.2m for paying “unjustified” dividends to shareholders.

Ofwat has ruled that Thames breached its licence obligations by paying £37.5m of interim dividend payments in October 2023, and a further £158.3m in March 2024.

Ofwat’s chief executive David Black says:

“Ofwat’s £18 million penalty and clawing back the value of £131 million in unjustified dividend payments is a clear warning to the whole sector: We will take action against companies who take money out of these businesses, where performance does not merit it.”

This is the first time that Ofwat has used new powers to penalise water companies that don’t link dividend payments to performance.

Updated

How much will your water bill rise by?

Customers at Southern Water will face the highest increase in bills by 2030, with a 53% increase inked in over the next five years.

That may infuriate the tens of thousands of households in the Hampshire region who can’t get any water at all following a fault at a supply works.

Thames Water customers face a 35% increase – as the Guardian reported last night.

But SES Water, which serves the east Surrey, West Sussex, west Kent and south London areas, must trim bills by 3% by 2030.

These tables show the final decision from Ofwat, compared to the increases proposed by the water industry:

Updated

Ofwat: Water companies must improve culture and performance

Today is a “significant moment” for the water industry, says David Black, Ofwat chief executive.

Black explains that water companies must also clean up their act, as well as the H2O supply:

It provides water companies with an opportunity to regain customers’ trust by using this £104bn upgrade to turn around their environmental record and improve services to customers.

“Water companies now need to rise to this challenge, customers will rightly expect them to show they can deliver significant improvement over time to justify the increase in bills. Alongside the step up in investment, we need to see a transformation in companies’ culture and performance. We will monitor and hold companies to account on their investment programmes and improvements.

But, a 36% hike in energy bills will be a significant blow to struggling households, of course.

And Black acknowledges this, saying:

“We recognise it is a difficult time for many, and we are acutely aware of the impact that bill increases will have for some customers. That is why it is vital that companies are stepping up their support for customers who struggle to pay.

He also says Ofwat has stripped out billions of pounds of “unjustified costs” from the industry when drawing up its final decision on bills:

“We have robustly examined all funding requests to make sure they provide value for money and deliver real improvements, while ensuring the sector can attract the levels of investment it needs to meet environmental requirements.

This has seen us remove £8bn of unjustified costs compared with companies most recent requests. In addition, our approach to setting a rate of return has saved customers £2.8bn.”

Ofwat approves £104bn upgrade - the details

Ofwat says the “£104bn upgrade” funded by a 36% increase to household energy bills will fund a range of projects to improve, and clean up, the water service.

This will include:

  • £12bn on 2,884 projects reducing spills from storm overflows;

  • £6 billion of upgrades to combat nutrient pollution for around 1,000 sites and catchments;

  • £3.3bn on nature-based solutions and increasing biodiversity;

  • £2bn of development funding to unlock £50bn investment for 30 major projects designed to secure water supplies including nine new reservoirs and nine large-scale water transfer schemes;

  • £456m of extra funding on day-to-day allowances to increase the rate at which water mains are replaced, with 8,445km set to be improved over the next five years.

Water bills to rise by 36%

Newsflash: household water bills in England and Wales are to rise by 36%, on top of inflation, over the next five years.

Water regulator Ofwat has announced that this will mean an average increase of £31 per year, taking average annual bills to £597.

This is below the 44%, or £39 per year increase, requested by companies in August, but higher than Ofwat’s original proposal of a £19/year increase.

Under the plan, the average bill increase in 2025-26 will be £86 (20%), excluding inflation, with smaller percentage increases in each of the next four years.

Ofwat says the money will fund a £104bn upgrade to the UK’s water intrastructure, to clean up rivers and seas and secure long-term drinking water supplies for customers.

Updated

Bitcoin falls after Powell sounds cool about strategic reserve

Bitcoin took a lurch lower overnight, after Fed chair Jerome Powell said the US central bank has no desire to be involved in any government effort to stockpile large amounts of bitcoin.

Asked about the possibility that the US could create a strategic bitcoin reserve, Powell said:

“We’re not allowed to own bitcoin.”

In terms of the legal issues around holding bitcoin, Powell added:

“That’s the kind of thing for Congress to consider, but we are not looking for a law change at the Fed.”

This knocked bitcoin as low as $98,700 early this morning, down from $106,400 yesterday. It’s now risen back to $101,200.

Wall Street falls sharply as Fed indicates fewer rate cuts in 2025

Wall Street was rattled yesterday by a suprisingly hawkish message from the US Federal Reserve, alongside a cut to interest rates.

The S&P 500 share index tumbled almost 3%, after Fed policymakers raised their inflation estimates for next year and cut their own forecasts for rate cuts in 2025.

Fed chair Jerome Powell told reporters he remained optimistic about the US economy, saying:

“I think it’s pretty clear we have avoided a recession. I think growth this year has been solid.

“The US economy has been remarkable.”

Troubled Thames Water will be allowed to increase customer bills by just over a third by 2030 after a decision by the industry regulator, the Guardian has learned.

Ofwat is poised to announce that the heavily indebted company, which serves 16 million consumers in London and the Thames Valley area, will be permitted to raise bills by just over half the level the company had demanded.

Ofwat would allow Thames to raise bills by more than 33% over the next five years, far less than the 59% the company had requested, sources said.

The decision does, however, represent a softening in stance from Ofwat which had said in July that its preliminary view would be to allow Thames to increase bills by 22%, equivalent to a £99 increase in the average bill to £535 by 2030.

Here’s the full story:

Ofwat to set size of water bill increase

Households in England and Wales are about to learn how sharply bills will rise over the next five years.

Water regulator Ofwat is expected to announce on Thursday that charges will increase by more than 20% over the next five years, to give utility companies the financial firepower to fix the pollution and water-shortage crisis hitting the UK.

Back in July, Ofwat issued a draft decision that water companies could increase bills by an average of 21%, on top of inflation, over the next five years. That would equate to an average £94 increase by 2030, to £535 a year.

But some water companies had subsequently asked to increase bills by an average of 40%, which would push average bills to £615 a year by 2030.

Introduction: Bank of England widely expected to leave interest rates on hold today

Good morning, and welcome to our rolling coverage of business, the financial markets and the world economy.

Borrowers are unlikely to receive a pre-Christmas present from the Bank of England today.

The UK central bank is widely expected to leave interest rates on hold at noon, at its final meeting of 2024.

According to the money markets, there is barely 1% chance of a cut, and almost 99% certainty that we’ll get a ‘no change’ decision as the clocks strike 12.

That would leave UK interest rates at 4.75%.

Yesterday’s jump in inflation to 2.6%, above the Bank’s target, following a pick-up in wages on Tuesday, has crushed any lingering hopes of a rate cut this month, even though the economy also appear to be weakening.

The past week has seen “a troika of bad economic news for the UK”, says Kathleen Brooks, research director at XTB, who explains:

Firstly, GDP fell for October, secondly, wage growth shot higher and thirdly, inflation is also moving in the wrong direction. Annual headline inflation rose to 2.6% from 2.3% in November, which was mostly down to expected base effects. Service price inflation remained steady at 5% YoY; however, this is still far too high for the BOE to be comfortable with. Pay growth is another concern.

Private sector pay growth was 5.4% YoY in October, which suggests that the consumer could thwart the BOE’s efforts to bring inflation back to the 2% target rate.

The Bank’s decision comes a day after the Federal Reserve cut US interest rates, but also signalled it expected to lower borrowing costs at a slower rate in 2025.

The agenda

  • 7am GMT: Water regulator Ofwat to announce how much water companies can increase prices in the next five years.

  • Noon GMT: Bank of England interest rate decision

  • 1.30pm GMT: US jobless weekly claims data

Updated

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