A flood of renewable energy has helped drive down household power prices to their lowest levels in almost a decade, according to a report which suggests Australia has some of the cheapest electricity in the world.
New analysis by the Australian Energy Council (AEC), which represents big power providers, shows typical residential power bills fell over the past three years as a raft of changes put downward pressure on prices.
Using data from the competition watchdog, the AEC said a typical residential bill was $1434 a year in 2020-21, a figure that was 8 per cent — or $128 — lower than 2018-19.
According to the council, Australian households were paying the 10th lowest rate among the world's advanced economies for every unit of electricity they used.
It said Australian prices were US17.6¢ per kilowatt hour (kWh) when adjusted for purchasing power parity, a measure that tries to equalise the cost of identical goods.
In 2014, the last time the council did an international comparison, Australian prices were US20.5¢kW/h.
Green power 'deflating prices'
By comparison, the AEC noted the average price among members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) was US24.2¢/kWh, while it was as high as US40.9¢/kWh in Germany.
While the deflation across the electricity industry was crimping the margins of power providers, the AEC noted it was delivering significant benefits to consumers.
At the heart of the trend was the surge of low-cost renewable energy coming into the system, which the council said was pushing down wholesale electricity costs.
On top of this, it said fuel costs for coal and gas were generally lower as well, while poles-and-wires costs, which typically account for up to half of a bill, had also been coming down.
Despite overall declines, the AEC said there were price pressures emerging, particularly in the cost of meeting and administering government reforms and environmental policies.
It pointed to the ACT's renewable energy target as an example, noting its costs had blown out by 133 per cent to $153 million and, along with associated policies, would add hundreds of dollars to the average household bill.
Globally, the council said Germany, the Czech Republic, and Poland had the highest power prices.
However, it said that while Germany's high costs were related to an "ambitious decarbonisation target" backed by hefty taxes, the Czech Republic's and Poland's heavy reliance on coal-fired power was behind their rankings.
'Pressures emerging' on costs
The AEC said that as well as being old and inefficient, the two countries' coal-fired generation fleets were exposed to Europe's emissions reduction scheme.
At the other end of the spectrum, the AEC said Iceland, Norway and Canada were among the lowest-cost providers of electricity of the world's rich economies.
This was thanks to their abundance of clean and cheap hydro-electricity, it said.
Sarah McNamara, the chief executive of the industry lobby group, said Australian electricity users were faring relatively well compared with their international peers.
"This assessment of how much Australian homes and businesses pay shows our electricity supply is internationally competitive and that retailers are passing savings on to customers," Ms McNamara said.
"The competitive retail market is also helping keep electricity costs down with market offers offering better value than the regulated default offers set by government."
Price drop due to several factors
Matt Rennie, who along with his wife Simone runs Brisbane energy consultancy Rennie Partners, said falling wholesale costs reflected increased competition among generators as more and more renewable energy players entered the market.
Mr Rennie said this competition was forcing all generators including coal-fired plants to lower their prices, which was flowing through to lower bills.
He also said the improved efficiency of Australia's transmission and distribution networks following years of heavy investment earlier this century was another critical reason why costs were easing.
However, Mr Rennie said the trend of declining wholesale power prices was unlikely to last as coal-fired plants retired or were forced out of the market because of their worsening economics.
What's more, he said, was renewable generators such as wind and solar farms would increasingly need to provide back-up or "firming" services to ensure they could meet demand even when the sun wasn't shining or the wind wasn't blowing.
And, he said, it was a similar story for the network, which would require huge investment over the coming decades to accommodate ever-increasing amounts of renewable energy and new technologies such as batteries and electric cars.
"From a generation perspective, the globe is moving towards renewables and historical differences in generation mix are disappearing," Mr Rennie said.
"Essentially, as technologies converge, price just becomes a scale and cost of capital game.
"The technologies are becoming clear, with large scale and rooftop renewables, grid scale and customer battery storage and an interconnected and responsive network being the system of the future."
Longer-term, Mr Rennie said he doubted renewable energy would deliver lower power prices than were historically the case.
But he said they still offered the cheapest option as countries sought to achieve carbon neutrality between 2050 and 2070.
"I don't subscribe to the premise that renewable energy either has to, or will, make electricity prices go down," he said.
"We're moving from a situation of very low-cost coal-fired power to a situation of low-cost scale, de-centralised renewables with medium-priced firming and system security, and a new world of EVs and device orchestration.
"Firmed renewables are not necessarily cheaper than coal and to be honest, it's not really the point."
