Antarctica, known for its icy landscapes, holds a surprising secret beneath its snow-covered surface – a network of 138 volcanoes, with 91 discovered as recently as 2017. While most are dormant or extinct, three have erupted in recent history: Penguin Island in 1905, Deception Island in 1970, and the famous Mount Erebus in 1972.
Mount Erebus, the tallest active volcano on the continent, stands at 12,448 feet and is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. It has been continuously erupting since at least 1972, emitting plumes of gas, steam, and rock 'bombs' known as strombolian eruptions. Interestingly, the volcano also releases tiny specks of gold, with an estimated 80g produced daily, valued at over £4,800 ($6,000).
Despite the allure of gold-laden eruptions, the potential for future volcanic activity in Antarctica raises questions and concerns. The region's harsh conditions and remote locations make monitoring and predicting eruptions challenging. Researchers are exploring the possibility of future eruptions and their potential impacts.
Looking back in time, a study suggests that Mount Takahe, an Antarctic volcano, played a role in triggering ancient ozone layer depletion and warming the southern hemisphere around 18,000 years ago. While the likelihood of a similar event occurring again is low, the presence of active subglacial volcanoes adds an element of uncertainty to the future volcanic landscape of Antarctica.
Antarctica's volcanic activity serves as a reminder of the dynamic nature of our planet and the mysteries that lie beneath its icy exterior. While the continent's volcanoes may not shower the world with gold dust, they continue to intrigue scientists and spark curiosity about the geological forces at play in this remote and enigmatic region.
