Oil is an asset defined by volatility.
U.S. crude prices stood above $60 a barrel in January 2020, just as the covid pandemic began. Three months later, prices briefly went negative, as the pandemic crushed demand.
By June 2022 the price rebounded all the way to $120, as fiscal and monetary stimulus boosted the economy. The price fell back to $80 in September 2022. Since then, it has bounced between about $65 and $90.
Over the past two months, the price has climbed 15% to $82 as of March 20.
Bullish factors for oil prices
The move stems partly from indications that economic growth this year will be stronger than analysts expected.
Related: The Fed rate decision won't surprise markets. What happens next might
Vanguard has just raised its estimate for 2024 U.S. GDP growth to 2% from 0.5%.
Meanwhile, China’s factory output and retail sales exceeded forecasts in January and February. That could boost oil demand in the country, the world's No. 1 oil importer.
Also, drone strokes from Ukraine have knocked out some of Russia’s oil refinery capacity. Ukraine has hit at least nine major refineries this year, erasing an estimated 11% of Russia’s production capacity, according to Bloomberg.
“Russia is a gas station with an army, and we intend on destroying that gas station,” Francisco Serra-Martins, chief executive of drone manufacturer Terminal Autonomy, told the news service. Gasoline, of course, is one of the products made at refineries.
Speaking of gas, the recent surge of oil prices has sent it higher as well. The average national price for regular gas totaled $3.52 per gallon Wednesday, up 7% from a month ago, according to the American Automobile Association. And we’re nearing the peak driving season.
Another bullish factor for oil: Iraq said Monday that it’s cutting oil exports by 130,000 barrels per day in coming months. Iraq produced much more oil in January and February than its OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) target.
Citigroup’s oil-price forecast
Yet, not everyone is bullish on oil going forward. Citigroup analysts see prices falling through next year, Dow Jones’s Oil Price Information Service (OPIS) reports.
More Economic Analysis:
- Bond markets tell Fed rate story that stocks still ignore
- February inflation surprises with modest uptick, but core pressures ease
- Vanguard unveils bold interest rate forecast ahead of Fed meeting
The analysts note that supply is at risk in Israel, Iran, Iraq, Libya, and Venezuela. But Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait, and Russia could easily make up any shortfall.
Moreover, output should also rise this year and next in the U.S., Canada, Brazil, and Guyana, the analysts said. Meanwhile, global demand growth will decelerate, amid increased electric vehicle use and economic weakness.
Regarding refineries, the analysts see strong gains in capacity and capacity upgrades this year.
What if Donald Trump is elected president again? That “would likely be bearish for oil and gas," as Trump's policies could boost trade tension, crimping demand, they said.
The analysts made predictions for European oil prices, the world’s benchmark, which sat Wednesday at $86.
They forecast a 9% slide in the second quarter to $78, then a decline to $74 in the third quarter and $70 in the fourth quarter.
Next year should see a descent to $65 in the first quarter, $60 in the second and third, and finally $55 in the fourth, Citi said. That would leave the price 36% below current levels.
U.S. crude prices will trade $4 below European prices from the second quarter this year until the end of 2025, the analysts maintain.
Related: Veteran fund manager picks favorite stocks for 2024
