US shutdown: It's the Wild West out there in America's national parks

The US government shutdown has left America's national parks largely unsupervised.

No one is at the gate. No one is collecting a fee. The visitor centres are closed. There are some law enforcement and emergency personnel on site, but certainly nothing as standard as a park ranger who can answer a question.

People are streaming into the parks, enjoying the free access, but they're finding rubbish cans overflowing and restrooms locked. Vault toilets are not serviced, and there's hardly a flush toilet to be found anywhere. If nature calls - well, the woods are over that way.

At Joshua Tree National Park, in particular, conditions are deteriorating.

"Once those port-a-potties fill up there's no amount of cleaning that will save them," said Sabra Purdy, who along with her husband, Seth, owns the rock-climbing guide service Cliffhanger Guides in the town of Joshua Tree.

The 40-year-old Purdy is among dozens of volunteers who have been collecting rubbish, cleaning bathrooms and generally keep an eye on the park. Local business owners and park supporters are donating toiletries and cleaning supplies.

"People are doing it because we love this place and we know how trashed it'll get if we don't," she said.

"It's not quite 'Lord of the Flies' yet," said Bryan Min, 30, who travelled to Joshua Tree with friends from Orange County and are camping outside the park. "Who knows how it'll be tonight."

The partial government shutdown, triggered by the dispute between President Donald Trump and Congress over funding for a US-Mexico border wall, is now well into its second week, with no resolution in sight.

Democrats, who take control of the House on Friday, plan to vote on a bill to open much of the government while denying Trump money for the wall. The President, in a tweet today, rejected the legislation that provides border security money but no funds for the wall.

Trump also invited congressional leaders to the White House tomorrow for a briefing on border security, the first sit-down since the shutdown began December 22 though it was unclear if the session would break the budget impasse.

One of the most dramatic repercussions of the shutdown will arrive tomorrow, when the Smithsonian Institution, having depleted temporary funding, will close all of its museums and the National Zoo.

Heavy traffic near Skull Rock in Joshua Tree National Park.

Some parks across the country have remained partially operational with state funding. Government shutdown contingency plans adopted by the National Park Service last year have allowed many national parks to remain accessible, but without staffing. The result is that "closed" parks are essentially wide open, and in some cases that gives them a Wild West vibe.

The Park Service runs a broad constellation of parks, monuments, battlefields and historic sites. At Antietam National Battlefield in Maryland, the visitor centre has a small notice on the front door advising visitors "to use extreme caution if choosing to enter" park property. On the hallowed ground, where the Army of the Potomac collided with the Army of Northern Virginia in the bloodiest day in American military history, the flagpole in front of the visitor centre remains conspicuously bare.

The access road to Maryland's Great Falls of the Potomac, part of the C & O Canal National Historical Park, has been blocked. Hundreds of cars were lined up on nearby neighbourhood roads and streets as people walked into the park, many taking advantage of the canal towpath, which remains unblocked.

The situation is fluid: Rumours spread that Joshua Tree would close the campgrounds, though the Park Service's contingency plan indicates that campers will be allowed to stay and won't be evicted.

Some advocates for the parks aren't happy about this situation, fearing that visitors will do permanent damage to the parks and potentially disrupt fragile ecosystems. They'd like to see the parks fully closed.

"The parks are supposed to be heritage sites for generation after generation. I would rather they close than be damaged," said Joe De Luca, a sales associate at Nomad Ventures in the town of Joshua Tree.

Cars illegally parked in a fire lane despite clear signage at the Ryan Mountain trail head in Joshua Tree National Park.

During a government shutdown in 2013, Joshua Tree was closed to all visitors. The winter holiday season is a busy time here and important for local businesses, and some people are grateful that the park hasn't blocked access this time, said Kenji Haroutunian, president of Friends of Joshua Tree, a nonprofit local climbing organisation.

But he's not happy with the shutdown and the attendant loss of normal services in the huge park that he said is within a two-hour drive of 14 million people in southern California.

"It's hugely disappointing," Haroutunian said. The border wall dispute, he said, "is not a priority that deserves to close down the government".

At Big Bend National Park in Texas, George Cashman of Milwaukee said he was disappointed by the absence of park rangers. Last year, he said, he took his family - including four kids under the age of 10 - to Yellowstone, where the kids enjoyed the junior ranger programme.

"There are no rangers to talk to and help the kids out. Last year, one of the rangers in Yellowstone let them take the temperature of one of the geysers. Those memories aren't going to happen this year," Cashman said.

— Rachael Bade (@rachaelmbade) January 1, 2019

Greg Henington, owner of Far Flung Outdoor Centre in Terlingua, a town just outside the park, said he voted for Trump but blames the President for the shutdown, which he says creates confusion and uncertainty for local businesses.

"If we are going to continue to use the federal government as a weapon for not getting what we want in the sandbox, then this is untenable for small business. We can't make decisions, we layoff employees, we take cancellations," he said.

Even more seriously affected is the Mexican town of Boquillas, which is just across the Rio Grande from the national park and has always enjoyed a stream of visitors this time of year. But the border crossing normally staffed by the Department of Homeland Security has been closed during the shutdown, and no one is coming or going across the river.

"It has been terrible. We were waiting for our best time of the year," said Lilia Falcon, who owns a restaurant and a bed & breakfast in Boquillas. "It's when we wait and stock up and save the money we make for the rest of the year. Christmas has not been good for us because of the shutdown, but what can we do? Nothing! Nobody will ever hear us."

— CNN (@CNN) January 1, 2019

In Death Valley National Park, employees of The Oasis at Death Valley, a private resort inside the park, have joined other concessionaires in picking up rubbish and cleaning bathrooms, said Trey Matheu, general manager of the resort. "We're in it for the long haul," he vowed.

At Yellowstone National Park, access this time of year depends on grooming of snow-covered roads - but the National Park Service's shutdown plan does not consider such activity to be essential. That means the private concessionaires have had to pool their money to pay for the grooming.

"If we don't do this, we're closed. That's really not much of an option. Having said that, we're doing this certainly in hope and anticipation that the shutdown does not go on indefinitely," said Rick Hoeninghausen, director of sales and marketing for Xanterra Travel Collection, a concessionaire in Yellowstone and many other parks.