The Queensland government has announced an inquiry into the historic flooding in Townsville, as evidence mounts that local authorities failed to anticipate the extreme nature of the recent record rainfall.
The independent inquiry will look into “key preparedness and response elements” to the storms that dumped more than one metre of rain on Townsville in less than a week.
In the west of the state, graziers have been confronted with scenes described by one mayor as “hell”, as it became clear up to 300,000 cattle had died in the floods. The premier, Annastacia Palaszczuk, said the sight so many cattle that had died agonising deaths made her “sick in the stomach”.
The prime minister on Friday afternoon announced the grants to flood affected areas that were set at $25,000 on Thursday, had been raised to $75,000. Scott Morrison also said the commonwealth would provide an additional $3m to support mental health services in flood affected areas.
“It will be a very, very difficult time. And while there are services in towns, those who are out in stations, those who are out dealing on the ground with their stock, who are dying in some of the most horrific circumstances, they will need our support,” he said.
On Friday, Palaszczuk distanced her government from the decision to open the Ross River dam floodgates on Sunday night, which sent huge volumes of water into Townsville’s suburbs.
Asked on Channel Seven’s Sunrise whether the gates should have been opened earlier to prevent some of the flooding, Palaszczuk said: “That’s a good question, you should direct that question to the Townsville city council, because they own that dam.”
Guardian Australia revealed on Tuesday that Townsville council’s management of the dam was based on modelling designed to save properties in a one in 100-year flood. In more extreme events, the same strategy would be likely to cause more extensive damage.
“You should direct that question to the Townsville City Council”@AnnastaciaMP deflects responsibility for the controversial decision to delay opening the Townsville dam during the flood disaster. pic.twitter.com/WxGVrWBmyl
— Sunrise (@sunriseon7) February 7, 2019
On Friday, the mayor of Townsville, Jenny Hill, told the Townsville Bulletin that some rainfall readings were at levels probably recorded once every 2,000 years.
“A team of experts is analysing the data, but it is clear the flood levels in the Ross River were greater than a one in 500 years event,” Hill said. “There were rainfall totals over the Ross River dam catchment that were in excess of one in 2,000 years rainfall event.”
The decision to open the floodgates on Sunday night, when the dam water level reached 43 metres, was in line with the dam’s management plan, and based on a 2012 study that also assessed the impact of opening the spillway earlier.
It said waiting until 43 metres would save about 960 homes in a one in 100-year flood. But doing so would cause greater property damage – affecting about 600 more properties – in the sort of situation that faced Townsville this week.
When the gates were opened fully on Sunday night, so much water had built up that 1,900 cubic metres of water per second spilled into the Ross River. The release was the direct cause of much of the flooding experienced in low-lying Townsville suburbs.
The impact was felt most severely at Idalia, where properties had been built mostly during the past two decades, and which were considered to be effectively free of the risk of flooding. Planning decisions are based on whether properties would be inundated during a one in 100-year flood. Many residents in that area told Guardian Australia they believed their properties, mostly built on concrete slabs without flood mitigation measures, were not at risk.
Professor Jamie Pittock of the Australian National University said authorities in Australia typically made planning and flood management decisions based on the “one in 100” year designation. In Europe and the United States, contingencies are made for more extreme natural disasters.
“We’re creating trouble by not planning for those [extremes],” Pittock said. “What today is the one in 100-year flood, in five years’ time it could well be the one in 50-year flood.”
Meanwhile in western Queensland, the floodwaters have killed up to 300,000 head of cattle, and the losses have been put at a staggering $300m.
The mayor of Richmond, John Wharton, said there had been huge stock losses in his area, as well as McKinlay shire, and parts of Flinders and Cloncurry shires.
The rural lobby group AgForce warned that thousands more cattle could be dead by the weekend unless emergency fodder shipments reached them immediately.
“This is a disaster,” Wharton said. “Cattle just couldn’t move, the water just kept rising and rising and the water broke its banks.
“There are railway lines washed away, the roads are buggered and there is a lot of cattle gone. They could not survive. It was just hell.”
Palaszczuk has toured the flood-hit Cloncurry area, and at times stumbled over her words as she struggled to describe what she had witnessed.
“We went along a road with the mayor for about 20 minutes and to the right of me was a sea of dead cattle,” she said on ABC radio.
“To see the cattle spread across these yards, not moving ... it made you feel sick in the stomach. It’s really hard for words to describe it.”
She said it was clear many animals had endured agonising deaths and the confronting scenes demonstrated the level of help graziers would need to recover.
“These cattle producers have gone through an extended period of drought and they’ve come smack bang into a natural disaster.”
Wharton said many farmers had run down their herds to survive years of crippling drought and now faced devastation.
“There are a lot of broken-hearted people,” he said. “Emotionally, they are not doing real well.”
